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Anatomy > Anatomy Abdomen Exam 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Abdomen Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What artery supplies the foregut ?

A

Celiac Artery

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2
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric Artery

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3
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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4
Q

What is the portal triad

A

The portal triad is made of the proper hepatic artery, the hepatic portal vein, and the common bile duct

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5
Q

describe where the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery comes from

A

it is a branch off of the gastroduodenal artery which comes from the common hepatic artery coming off of the celiac trunk

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6
Q

What is anterior to the superior part of the duodenum

A

peritoneum, gallbladder and the quadrate lobe of the liver

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7
Q

What is posterior to the superior part of the duodenum

A

the bile duct, the gastroduodenal artery, the hepatic portal vein, and the IVC

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8
Q

What is superior to the superior part of the duodenum?

A

neck of the gall bladder

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9
Q

What is anterior to the descencing part of the duodenum?

A

the transverse colon the transverse mesocolon an the small intestine

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10
Q

WWhat is posterior to the descending part of the duodenum?

A

the hilum of the right kidney, renal vessels, ureter and posaos major

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11
Q

What is medial to the descending part of the dudodenum?

A

the head of the plancreas, the pancreatic duct and the bile duct

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12
Q

What is anterior to the inferior (horizantal) duodenum?

A

the SMA, the SMV

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13
Q

What is posterior to the inferior (horizantal) duodenum?

A

right psaos major, the IVC, the aorta and the right ureter

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14
Q

What is SUPERIOR to the inferior (horizantal) duodenum?

A

head and uncinate process of the pancreas, superior mesenteric vessels

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15
Q

What is medial to the ascending part of the duodenum?

A

SMA, SMV and the uncinate process of the pancreas

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16
Q

what level is the SMA at?

A

L1

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17
Q

What is anterior to the stomach?

A

diaphragm, left lobe of the liver

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18
Q

What is posterior to the stomach?

A

oental bursa and pancreas

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19
Q

what is inferolateral to the stomach?

A

the transverse colon

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20
Q

What is the bed on which the stomach rests made of?

A

left dome of the diaphragm, spleen left kidney, suprarenal gland, splenic artery and transverse mesocolon

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21
Q

what are tenia coli

A

the three distinct longitudinal bands

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22
Q

What is associated with the tail of the pancreas?

A

the hilum of the spleen

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23
Q

What is associated with the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas?

A

aorta, SM, left suprarenal gland, left kidney and renal vessels

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24
Q

What is anterior to the uncincat process?

A

the SMA

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25
Q

What is associated with the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas?

A

the IVC, right renal artery and vein, and the left renal vein

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26
Q

where does the pancreas get its blood supply?

A
  1. the splenic artery gives pancreatis braches.
  2. The gastroduodenal artery (from the common hepatic A of the celiac trunk) gives the superior pancreaticoduodenal A
  3. The SMA gives a branch called the inferior pancreaticoduodenal A
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27
Q

What ribs protect the spleen?

A

9-12

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28
Q

What two important anatomical structures lie posterior to the first part of the duodenum?

A

common bile duct and the gastroduodenal artery

also the IVC and the hepatic portal vein

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29
Q

Which anatomical structures pass anterior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

SMA, SMV

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30
Q

Cite the anatomical relationship each of the following has with the pancreas:

  1. duodenum
  2. spleen
  3. formation of portal vein
  4. SMA/V
  5. Spenlic a
  6. Hilus of spleen
A
  1. duodenum surrounds head of pancreas
  2. pancreas is medial to spleen (tail sits in splenorenal ligament, only part that’s not retroperitoneal)
  3. formation of portal vein lies deep to pancreas
  4. SMA/V lie deep to pancreas BETWEEN UNCINATE PROCESS & NECK
  5. splenic artery behind upper border (sometimes through) the pancreas
  6. Hilus of spleen is where the tail
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31
Q

List the 3 parts of the small intestinal, in order, from proximal to distal. Which of these 3 regions 
is predominantly retroperitoneal? Which of these 3 regions are mesenterized?

A

The duodenum is predominantly retroperitoneal whereas the jejunum and ileum are predominantly covered by mesentery.

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32
Q

How many lobes are there in each kidney?

A

18

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33
Q

How many segmental branches are there from each renal artery?

A

5

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34
Q

What is closely associated with the right suprarenal gland?

A

the IVC and the liver

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35
Q

What is closely related to the left suprarenal gland?

A

the spleen, splenic artery, pancreas and stomach

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36
Q

where are the right and left kidneys found?

A 
left = slightly higher @ 11th and 12th rib 
right = 12th rib
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37
Q

Name the 3 sites where kidney stones are likely to become impaled and cause pain along the length of the ureter.

A
  1. where the ureter begins to descnd down the body (narrowing of the pelvic inlet)
  2. where the ureter crosses sacrum, bends over the common iliac into the pelvis at L5 (pelvic inlet)
  3. where ureter enters the bladder (course through wall of bladder)
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38
Q

What is the blood supply to the suprarenal gland?

A
  1. superior suprarenal A come from inferior phrenic artery
  2. Middle suprarenal arteries come from the aorta
  3. inferior suprarenal A come from the renal artery
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39
Q

what are the ureter supplied by?

A
  1. renal A
  2. middle A
  3. illiac A
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40
Q

what must you be suuuuper careful about when doing ovarian surgery?

A

not cutting the ureters which run in close proximity

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41
Q

List the muscles that comprise the posterior abdominal wall.

A

Quadratus lumorum, iliacus and psoas major.

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42
Q

innervation of quadratus lumborum

A

ventral rami L1-L3

43
Q

innervtion of psoas major

A

ventral rami L1-L3

44
Q

innervation of illiacis

A

femoral Nerve

45
Q

Pasoas sign

A

can indicate an inflamed appendix

46
Q

Which two ligaments of the diaphragm are formed by thickenings of the fascia over the 
musculature of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

The medial and lateral arcuate ligaments.

47
Q

muscles involved in the medial arcuate lig

A

Fascia over the psoas major thickens to form the medial arcuate ligament;

48
Q

muscles involved in the lateral arcuate lig

A

facsia of the quadratus lumborum thickens to form the lateral arcuate ligament.

49
Q

Which crus of the diaphragm forms a sling around the esophagus?

A

right crus

50
Q

To which vertebral levels does each diaphragmatic crus extend inferiorly?

A

The left crus extends to L1/2; the right crus extends to L3/4

51
Q

List the various openings in the diaphragm, their vertebral level, and what traverses them.

A

Caval: T8 - inferior vena cava; esophageal: T10 - esophagus & vagus nn.; aortic T12-aorta

52
Q

Which ventral rami contribute to the lumbar plexus?

A

L1 through L4.

53
Q

What nerves are formed by the lumbar plexus?

A

Iliohypogastic, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, obturator, lumbosacral trunk.

54
Q

What does the aortic hiatus transmit?

A

the azygous vein and the thoacic duct

55
Q

what does the esophageal hiatus transmit?

A

the vagus nerve

56
Q

what does the caval hiatus transmit?

A

the right phrenic nerve

57
Q

pain sensation from the lesser sac is carried by which nerve?

A

lower intercostal nerves

58
Q

what nerves carry sensory fibers from the wall of the stomach

A

geater splanchnic nerves and white rami communicans

59
Q

What carries pain sensation from the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

60
Q

What carries pain sensation from the peripheral part of the diaphragm

A

receives fibers from the lower interostal nerve

61
Q

What nerve will be damages during an appendectomy @ the mcburney point?

A

the illiohypograstric nerve

62
Q

what is in the medial umbilical fold?

A

the umbilical A

63
Q

what is in the median umbilical fold?

A

the fibrous remnant of the urachus

64
Q

what is in the lateral umbilical fold?

A

the epigastric A and V

65
Q

What contains the fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

ligamentum teres hepatic / round ligament

66
Q

What is the ligamenrum venosum?

A

remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

67
Q

describe the location of the common bile duct in relation to the portal vein and the proper hepatic artery

A

lateral to the proper hepatic artery

anterior to the portal vein

68
Q

What nerves cause pain due to a peptic ulcers

A

the greater splanchnic nerve carries pain fibers from the upper GI tract.

69
Q

What are the 4 most important portal-caval anastamoses

A
  1. left gastric vein and the esophageal vein
  2. the superior rectal vein and middle and inferior rectal veins
  3. the paraumbilical vein and the superficial and inferior epigastric veins
  4. the retroperitoneal veins draining the colon and the renal, suprarenal and gonadal veins
70
Q

What does the gastric vein anastamose with to form a portal caval anastamosis?

A

esophageal vein

71
Q

What does the superior rectal vein anastamose with to form a portal caval anastamosis?

A

middle and inferior rectal veins

72
Q

What does the paraumbilicl vein anastamose with to form a portal caval anastamosis?

A

the superficial and inferior epigastric veins

73
Q

What does the the retroperitoneal veins draining the colon anastamose with to form a portal caval anastamosis?

A

the renal, suprarenal and gonadal veins

74
Q

what is a meckel diverticulum?

A

it is a persistent remnant of the yolk sac

75
Q

the quadrate lobe of the liver is part of which lobe of the liver?

A

the left lobe

76
Q

what is directly anterior to the part of the aorta btw the celiac tunk and the SMA?

A

the neck of the pancreas

77
Q

what 5 things does the renal fascia surround

A

the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, major vessles, and fat

78
Q

where is the right renal artery in relation to the IVC

A

the right renal artery runs posterior to the IVC

79
Q

where do the renal veins drain?

A

the IVC

80
Q

where does the left renal vein drain and what structures does it cross?

A

It crosses the aorta posterior to the SMA and drains into the IVC

81
Q

where does the left suprarenal vein drain?

A

Into the left renal V

82
Q

Where does the left inferior phrenic vein drain?

A

into the L suprarenal vein –> L renal vein –> IVC

83
Q

The suprarenal glands are derived mainly from what nerves?

A

thoracic splanchnic nervses

84
Q

pain from the kidneys will go to where?

A

T11-T12

85
Q

pain from the ureters will go where

A

T12-L2

86
Q

which renal A is longer?

A

the right renal A is longer than the left renal A

87
Q

Which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal

A

The ascending and descending colon, the duodenum, pancreas and upper rectum

88
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A
  1. Kidney
  2. adrenal
  3. ureter
  4. aorta
  5. inf vena cava
  6. lower rectum
  7. Anal canal
89
Q

breaking your 9th through 12th ribs will result in

A

rupture of the spleen

90
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the epiploic foramen

A

The caudate lobe of the liver forms the posterior wall of the epiploic foramen.

91
Q

Which vessel passes behind the first part of the duodenum

A

gastroduodenal

92
Q

identify the structures that make the line that separates the true/functional lobes of the liver

A

gallbladder fossa and inferior vena cava

93
Q

What will obstruct the common bile duct?

A

Tumors in the head of the pancreas often obstruct the common bile duct, blocking the normal bile recycling circuit.

94
Q

what is the central tendon

A

he central tendon is the tendon in the middle of the diaphragm where all the fibers of the diaphragm attach. It provides an opening for the inferior vena cava.

95
Q

nerve that innervates the cells of the suprarenal medulla

A

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

96
Q

he central tendon of the diaphragm has which opening?

A

the caval opening

97
Q

The aortic hiatus is formed by

A

he median arcuate ligament,

98
Q

Lateral arcuate ligament transmits what

A

passage of quadratus lumborum M, subcostal neurovascular bundle

99
Q

Medial arcuate ligament transmits what

A

passage of psoas major M, sympathetic trunk

100
Q

Median arcuate ligament does what?

A

forms the aortic hiatus

101
Q

what nerve runs along the medial border of the psoas major muscle

A

the obturator nerve

102
Q

what nerve lies along the lateral border of the psoas major muscle,

A

Femoral

103
Q

what nerve pierces psoas major then lies on top of that muscle.

A

genitofemoral

104
Q

What nerve nerve emerges at the lateral border of psoas major, then travels laterally.

A

illioinguinal

Anatomy (8 decks)

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