Embryology: Week 1 Flashcards
What is the ovulatory calendar?
It is the calendar that is used by obstetricians after the last LMP and Fertilization (2 weeks in) to give rise to what a woman’s body is going through for fertilization.
What is the difference between the Zona Pellucida and the Corona Radiata?
The corona radiata is the outside layer of the egg and the zona pellucida is the inside layer of the egg.
Corona Radiata–> needs hylarunidase from acrosomal reaction to break it open
Zona Pellucida needs–> neuramidase, esterases, and acrosin
what is capacitation of the sperm?
This is the process when the acrosomal plasma membrane breaks apart and the enzymes burrow through the corona radiata.
What is the zona reaction?
Zona reaction is the process by which the peruvitillin space of the egg releases agents to calcify the zona pellucida to block POLYSPERMY
What happens upon fertilization of an egg?
The oocyte will complete Meosis II, Sex determination, cleavage (morulla–> early blastocyst–> late blastocyst), metabolically active oocyte
What happens in the ampulla of the uterus?
The ampulla is the site of fertilization for the egg and then it will slowly start to migrate into the uterine wall
What is the early blastocyst and what is the “hatching” term meaning?
Hatching is the term meant to describe the change in structure by the breakdown of the zona pellucida of the egg.
What is In Vitro Fertilization and what is its importance to week 1?
In vitro fertilization is the removal of an egg via cryopreservation to artificially activate it to become a growing cell via capacitated sperms
What potency do the egg cell inner cell mass have?
Pluripotency
What is the cell structure that gives rise to Early pregnancy factor?
The trophoblast will release early pregnancy factor to evade immunoglobulin attack by neutralizing it
What is the cell structure/cell type that will give rise to the HCG?
The syncytiotrophoblasts will be the ones that secrete HCG to help maintain the growth of the embryo
How are hydatidiform moles created? Why are they harder to distinguish early on in a pregnancy?
Hydatidiform moles are harder to distinguish because they can come off as a normal pregnancy. The syncitiotrophoblasts are still formed and so HCG is released. So it the trophoblast which secretes Early Pregnancy Factor.
These moles are usually created from the fertilization of 2 sperms to one empty oocyte via polyspermy OR by the fertilization of 1 sperm that duplicates to create a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes on its own
What is the major complication of the hydatidiform mole?
If left untreated, it will result in the formation of choriocarcinoma of the lungs, vagina, intestines, bones, liver, or brain.
very dangerous
