Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Blue Boxes > Flashcards

Blue Boxes Flashcards

1
Q

Jefferson’s Fracture

A

Damage to Atlas C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

Damage to Axis C2; traumatic spondylolisthesis which causes displacement of the anterior segment of vertebra on to the inferior vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

caused by a failure of the vertebral lamina to close completely which results in the lack of closure of vertebral canal; tuft hair of the L5-S1 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cervical Vertebrae Dislocation

A

The cervical vertebrae is the easiest sight for dislocation in the vertebral column. The GOOD NEWS is that the vertebral foramen is so LARGE that spinal cord damage is relatively UNLIKELY.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spondylosis

A

Involves the calcification of the vertebral body which causes rigidity and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spondylolysis

A

This is a fracture of the vertebral lamina of a vertebra; problem with the superior articulating facets and inferior articulating facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior displacement of the whole vertebral body onto the inferior vertebral segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the vertebral canal to the point that it causes compaction of important structures of the spinal cord like spinal nerves, rootlets, etc.

The weird part: parts of the spinal cord will begin to hypertrophy as you go down the spinal cord as well!!!

Age Related: ligamentum flavum will lose the collagen:elastin ratio which causes more rigidity and compression of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Also called a spinal tap, but the trick is to insert between the L3/L4 and L4/L5 vertebrae to pass the chance of damaging spinal cord. The spinal cord ends at L1/L2 area so that is why. You will go through the ligamentum flavum and here a pop when there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dislocation or Fracture of the Coccyx

A

from abrupt fall or childbirth; coccygodynia follows coccyx trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abnormal Spine Curvature

A

Exaggerated Kyphosis= humback

Exaggerated Lordosis= lumbar vertebral column arch

Scoliosis= swaying of vertebrae to the left or the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whiplash

A

excessive tear of the anterior longitudinal ligament as a result of car crash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tx for vertebral column fracture

A

splinting of the anterior longitudinal ligaments EXCEPT when whiplash occurs because you damage this ligament!

**Always keep the patient in hyperextension. Forward pull of anterior longitudinal ligament will keep the vertebral column in place to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disc Herniation

A

Disc Herniation occurs due to the anulus fibrosis losing the posterior/anterior longitudinal ligaments that keep it in place which causes it to slip out of place and push against spinal cord. Herniations most often occur at L4/L5 and L5/S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second Number Rule

A

The area of the vertebral column slip will effect the 2nd nerve of the vertebraes affected. For example, for L4/L5 it will be Nerve 5 and for C1/C2 will be nerve 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Back Sprain

A

Injury caused by the damage of ligaments between the vertebral bones. This is called back sprain and is caused by not exercising before working out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Back Strain

A

Excessive stretching of the muscle will cause micro-tears which will cause inflammation and redness at sight; possible muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spinal Cord Injury

A

The higher up the injury, the worse the disability becomes.

C1-C3= No function below head

C4-C5= no function of limbs, respiration still possible

C6-C8= variable upper limb loss of function

T1-T9= paralysis of both lower limbs

T10-L3= partial walking disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Back Muscle Spasms

A

Can be caused by a variety of structures:

  • fibroskeletal structures
  • spinal nerves/spinal roots
  • spinal meninges
  • synoival joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“Greenstick” Fracture

A

clavicle bone fracture; often caused by falling,

-like a glow stick that is half broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humerus Fracture

A

most common site of fracture is the surgical neck of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Groove of Ulnar Nerve

A

found on the humerus bone; the groove of the ulnar nerve can be expressed as hitting the “funny bone”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medial Humeral Epicondyle Fracture

A

Severe abduction of the extended elbow because many of the flexor muscles attach to the medial epicondyle–> can cause severe abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

fracture of the distal end of the radius from breaking a fall; styloid process of the ulna is also broken during this type of fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Scaphoid Fracture

A

scaphoid bone is the most common broken carpal bone in the wrist; disconnected from the scaphoid blood supply–> necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

This is caused by the inflammation of the flexor retinaculum and this causes the compression of the median nerve which results in parasthesia, anesthesia, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Guyon’s Canal Syndrome

A

Ulnar Nerve that passes through the pinky side where the pisiform and hamate bones are; pass through the Guyon’s Canal. Causes the Ulnar Nerve to be PINCHED–> loss of sensation and muscle weakness

28
Q

Boxer’s Fracture

A

The head of the 5th metacarpal is vulnerable to fracture when an individual punches with a closed fist

29
Q

Distal Phalange Fracture

A

Most of the time, this fracture occurs when the distal phalanges or pinky is closed by a door

30
Q

Glenoid Labrum Tear

A

individuals repeatedly throwing a ball and the sudden contraction of the biceps brachii m. and occurs in the anterior superior portion

31
Q

Shoulder Separation

A

separation by the acromioclavicular joint; it is capable of separating the shoulder with or without the coracoclavicular ligament

32
Q

Glenohumeral Dislocation

A

susceptible to dislocation due to its mobility and relative instability; occurs anteriorly and inferiorly

33
Q

Elbow Dislocation

A

Ulnar Collateral Ligament is usually torn causing the force to posteriorly dislocate

34
Q

Students Elbow, Dart Throwers Elbow, miners elbow

A

Inflammation of the olecranon bursa (bursitis); resulting from excessive friction between the skin and olecranon

35
Q

Dislocation of Radial Head out of Annular Ligament

“Nurse Maids Elbow”

A

Radial head of the radius being popped out of the annulus ligament which wraps around it

36
Q

Bull Rider’s Thumb

A

a sprain of the lateral collateral ligament of the thumb, injury is common for those who ride bulls

37
Q

Skier’s Thumb, Game Keeper’s Thumb

A

Laxity or rupture of BOTH medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the thumb (1st metacarpophalangeal joint)

38
Q

Mallet “Baseball” Finger

A

sudden hyperflexion of the distal phalanges (pinky finger) an can cause avulsion of the finger

39
Q

Synovial “Ganglion” Cyst

A

irritation of the synovial sheaths can cause accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a painless lump known as synnovial cyst or ganglion cyst.

40
Q

Duypuytren Contracture

A

disease resulting in shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia–> results in palmar fasica

41
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

abnormality in the cervical rib, asymmetry that can cause ischemia and compression of the arteries. Manifests from a disorder called pectus carnitum which is called “pigeons chest.”

42
Q

Pectus Excavatum

A

Sternum depression or “funnel chest” which can compress the heart and cause the heart to shift over

43
Q

Poland Syndrome

A

lack of migration of cells in hypomere in the breast region; associated with syndactily,. Absense of pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

44
Q

Prune Belly Syndrome

A

lack of migration of cells in hypomere into the interior abdominal wall; partial of complete absence of abdominal musculature

45
Q

Winging of the Scapula

A

Serratus Anterior Muscle paralysis usually do to long thoracic nerve paralysis. This makes abducting the upper limb beyond the horizontal position difficult.

46
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Rotator Cuff Muscles: Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor

47
Q

Biceps Brachii Tendon Reflex

A

Biceps Myotactic Reflex is used to test for the musculocutaneous nerve or c5/c6 Anterior Rami Functions

48
Q

Biceps Tendonitis

A

repetitive movement of the biceps brachii longhead via the intertubercular groove can cause major inflammation of the tendon

49
Q

Elbow Tendonitis “ Tennis Elbow”

A

repetitive use of the extensor forearm muscles will cause “tennis elbow” where the lateral humeral epicondyle gets irritated

50
Q

Golfer’s Elbow

A

medial epicondyle of humerus is strained or inflammed

51
Q

Injury to the Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve is damaged which causes the opponens pollicis which opposed the adduction of the thumb to be closed off

52
Q

Axillary Artery Aneurysm

A

Results from the constant throwing with the arm that causes the 1st part of the axillary artery to pool with blood; can cause the compression of the brachial plexus

53
Q

Scapular Anastomosis

A

Ligation must be distal to the Subscapular Artery if you want to cut of the blood circulation to the arm.

Anything above the subscapular artery will cause the blood to reach down to the axillary artery another way.

54
Q

Venipuncture

A

The median cubital vein is the site for the venipuncture which is in the cubital fossa

55
Q

Axillary Lymph Nodes

A

Can be frequently invaded by cancers; so its a good place to check for cancer

56
Q

Erb-Duchenne Palsy or “Waiter’s Tip Syndrome”

A

Upper plexus injury; typically affects C5 and C6 Anterior Rami which is caused by dramatically increasing the angle between the neck and the shoulder

57
Q

“Claw Hand” or Klumpke Paralysis

A

Injury to the inferior part of the Brachial Plexus which results from dramatic increase in the angle lower trunk and the upper extremity. Can result from pulling the baby by hand up or from the grabbing of a tree branch before falling down. ULNAR NERVE DAMAGE

58
Q

Compression of Brachial Plexus Cords

A

Occurs from long periods with the upper trunk above the head of the individual; this can lead to major loss of sensation, tingling of arms, and weakness of the hands

59
Q

musculocutaneous nerve injury

A

It will render the anterior brachial muscles paralyzed; usually resulting from the blunt force trauma to the biceps regions

60
Q

axillary nerve injury

A

injury results in the atrophy of the deltoid muscle and loss of sensation over the superolateral arm which is given sensation by the superior lateral brachial cutaneous N. exists

61
Q

Ape’s Hand/ Hand of Bennediction

A 
Loss of 2' LOAFS: 
1st 2 Lumbricals
Opponens Pollicis M.
Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.

***the WHOLE thenar eminence

62
Q

Ulnar Nerve Injury

A

Can occur in 3 spots:
1.) posterior to the medial epicondyle

  1. ) between the ulnar and humeral heads
  2. ) at the wrist or in the hand
  3. ) gives Claw Hand symptoms
63
Q

Ulnar Nerve Compression in Hand

A

results in “handle bar neuropathy” looks similar to damage at the guyon’s tunnel

64
Q

injury to the radial nerve

A

results in wrist drop; impairment of elbow extension and thumb abduction and extension

65
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Usually caused by demineralization of the bones

Affects:
The vertebral body
the metacarpals
The radius
atrophy of musculature
66
Q

Herniation of the IV disc (posterolaterally)

A

Usually caused by the gelatinous nucleus of nucleus polposus that goes out of the spinal cord and causes lower back pain.

This can be caused by either:
- Damage to the lower back via accident causing damage to the anulus fibrosus

-degeneration of the anulus fibrosus because of age

***natural protection is the posterior longitudinal ligament

67
Q

Laminectomy

A

The removal of the spinous process and the supporting vertebral lamina around it

MSK (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions