Embryology - Part 1 Flashcards
which (specific) plate of the mesoderm does the circulatory system arise from?
lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm
in which week of gestation does the primordial heart begin to function?
4th week - rapidly growing embryo so nutrition by diffusion is not enough
when do angioblastic cords start to appear?
3rd week
where do blood vessels first appear?
wall of the yolk sac
allantois
connecting stalk
chorion
what do angioblastic cords become?
heart tubes
what is the pericardium derived from?
the intra-embryonic coelom (space between the somatic and splanchnic mesoderms)
what is the parietal layer of the serous pericardium derived from?
somatic mesoderm
what is the fibrous pericardium derived from?
somatic mesoderm
what is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium derived from?
splanchnic mesoderm
which veins does the yolk sac drain into?
vitelline veins
which veins does the placenta drain into?
umbilical veins
which veins does the body of the embryo drain into?
common cardinal veins
what do the aortic arches arise from?
aortic sac
where do the aortic arches terminate?
dorsal aorta
the formation of which primordial heart structure leads to the creation of both a left and right atrioventricular canal?
endocardial cushions
does the septum secundum form on the left or right of the septum primum?
right
how is the foramen secundum formed?
cell death
in which membrane is the foramen secundum formed?
septum primum
which foramen does the septum secundum overlap?
foramen secundum
is atrial septal defect (asd) more common in males or females?
females
what are the four clinically significant types of atrial septal defect (asd)?
foramen secundum defect
endocardial cushion defect with foramen primum defect
sinus venosus defect
common atrium
is ventricular septal defect (vsd) more common in males or females?
males
are muscular or membranous vsds more common?
membranous
is congenital heart disease more common in males or females?
males (vsd more common)
what is a common cause of cyanotic disease in newborns?
transposition of great vessels
which 4 cardiac defects make up tetralogy of fallot?
pulmonary stenosis
ventricular septal defect
dextroposition of aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
which adult structures arise from the truncus arteriosus?
aorta & pulmonary trunk
which adult structures arise from the bulbus cordis?
right ventricle & parts of the outflow tracts
which ventricle is formed from the primitive ventricle?
left
which adult structures arise from the sinus venosus?
superior vena cava & right atrium
