Anatomy - Part 1

Question 1

in which mediastinum compartment is the heart located?

Answer 1

middle (inferior) mediastinum

Question 2

how does the positioning of the heart in a child compare to that in an adult?

Answer 2

in a child the heart is higher and more horizontal

Question 3

between which vertebrae does the heart lie in the recumbent position?

Answer 3

T5 - T8

Question 4

which heart chamber acts as the ‘base’ of the heart?

Answer 4

left atrium

Question 5

where can the apex beat be palpated?

Answer 5

5th left intercostal space in the mid clavicular line

Question 6

what is found between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 6

pericardial cavity

Question 7

what is the innermost layer called?

Answer 7

endocardium

Question 8

what is the endocardium made up of?

Answer 8

epithelium, basement membrane, connective tissue

Question 9

what is the epicardium also known as?

Answer 9

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 10

what is the parietal layer of the serous pericardium surrounded by?

Answer 10

fibrous pericardium

Question 11

which layer forms the heart valves?

Answer 11

endocardium

Question 12

what is the cardiac muscle layer called?

Answer 12

myocardium

Question 13

which two types of cell junction are mentioned as making up an intercalated disc?

Answer 13

desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 14

which layer contains the main branches of the coronary arteries?

Answer 14

epicardium / visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 15

do heart valves work actively or passively?

Answer 15

passively

Question 16

which two cardiac structures prevent valve failure?

Answer 16

chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

Question 17

what is infection of the heart valves known as?

Answer 17

bacterial endocarditis

Question 18

what is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?

Answer 18

tricuspid

Question 19

what is the left atrioventricular valve also known as?

Answer 19

bicuspid / mitral

Question 20

how many cusps does the mitral valve have?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

how many cusps does the aortic valve have?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

how many cusps does the pulmonary valve have?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

which valves are also known as semilunar valves?

Answer 23

aortic and pulmonary

Question 24

which two main functions does the connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton perform?

Answer 24

structural support and electrical insulation

Question 25

when is the myocardium perfused - during systole or diastole?

Answer 25

diastole

Question 26

during systole the aortic sinuses are shielded by which valve cusps?

Answer 26

aortic