Anatomy - Part 1 Flashcards
in which mediastinum compartment is the heart located?
middle (inferior) mediastinum
how does the positioning of the heart in a child compare to that in an adult?
in a child the heart is higher and more horizontal
between which vertebrae does the heart lie in the recumbent position?
T5 - T8
which heart chamber acts as the ‘base’ of the heart?
left atrium
where can the apex beat be palpated?
5th left intercostal space in the mid clavicular line
what is found between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium?
pericardial cavity
what is the innermost layer called?
endocardium
what is the endocardium made up of?
epithelium, basement membrane, connective tissue
what is the epicardium also known as?
visceral layer of serous pericardium
what is the parietal layer of the serous pericardium surrounded by?
fibrous pericardium
which layer forms the heart valves?
endocardium
what is the cardiac muscle layer called?
myocardium
which two types of cell junction are mentioned as making up an intercalated disc?
desmosomes and gap junctions
which layer contains the main branches of the coronary arteries?
epicardium / visceral layer of serous pericardium
do heart valves work actively or passively?
passively
which two cardiac structures prevent valve failure?
chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
what is infection of the heart valves known as?
bacterial endocarditis
what is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?
tricuspid
what is the left atrioventricular valve also known as?
bicuspid / mitral
how many cusps does the mitral valve have?
2
how many cusps does the aortic valve have?
3
how many cusps does the pulmonary valve have?
3
which valves are also known as semilunar valves?
aortic and pulmonary
which two main functions does the connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton perform?
structural support and electrical insulation
when is the myocardium perfused - during systole or diastole?
diastole
during systole the aortic sinuses are shielded by which valve cusps?
aortic
