Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular System > Embryology Of The Heart > Flashcards

Embryology Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first functioning organ to develop in the body

A

The heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the heart begin beating and pumping

A

21 to 22 days after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the heart develop from

A

The prominent heart bulge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the predominant heart bulge found on the embryo

A

The anterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the heart develop from

A

The heart develops from embryonic tissue called the mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mesoderm

A

1 of the primary germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the development of the heart start

A

Towards the head end of the embryo in the cardio genie area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the mesoderm begin to develop the heart

A

The cardiogenic area receives signals from the endoderm which begins the process of forming 2 strands known as the cardiogenic cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As the cardiogenic cords develop what happens to them and what do they become

A

As they develop a lumen forms around the meaning they become the endocardia tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What forms the primitive heart tube

A

The proactive heart tube is formed by the 2 endocardia tubes migrating towards each other and fusing to form one single tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many regions does the primitive hear tube from

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 regions the primitive heart tube forms

A

Tructus arteriosus
Bulbous cordis
Primitive ventricle
Primitive atrium
Sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the early heart where does blow flow into

A

The sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the turn us arteriosus become in the fully developed heart

A

The ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the bulbus cordis become in the fully developed heart

A

The right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the primitive atrium become in the fully developed heart

A

The right and left atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the posterior of the sinus venous become in the fully developed heart

A

The sinoatrial node and the coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many days after fertilisation does the primitive heart tube begin to fold

A

The primative heart tube begins to elongate and begins to fold with the pericardium between day 23 and 28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the folding of the primitive heart tube become and why is it important

A

The folding of the primitive heart tube with the pericardium forms an s-shaped structure which is important as it places the chambers and major vessels in the correct alignment which is close to the adult heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does partitioning of the heart happen

A

5 weeks after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 blood shunts in a foetus

A

Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venous
Foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When do the atrioventricular valves form

A

Between 5 and 8 weeks after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When do semilunar valves form

A

Between 5 and 9 weeks after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When does the heart begin to receive blood

A

At the end of the 4 weeks after initial fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is the primary hear field formed
Mesoderm cells travel through the primitive heart tube to the embryo head which forms 2 horseshoe shapes known as 2 limbs and is known as the primary heart field
26
What does vascular endothelial growth factor do
This signals to the 2 limbs of the primary heart field to form 2 tubes
27
What forms the somatic splanchnic layers
The lateral mesoderm splits to form the somatic splanchnic layers
28
How does the heart fold to fuse the endocardial tubes
The heart folds in a cylindrical shape so the lateral borders meet in the midline and so the endocardial tubes fuse
29
How is the sinus venosus formed
The left and right Vitelline veins fuse
30
What is the sinus venosus known as
The inflow tract
31
How is the aortic sace formed
The aortea fuse
32
What is the aortic sace also known as
The outflow tract
33
What becomes the pericardial cavity
The primitive pericardial cavities fuse around the heart tubes which become the pericardial cavity
34
How do the heart tubes stay attached to the pericardial cavity
Via a sheet of mesoderm known as the dorsal mesocardium
35
Describe craniocaudal folding
This is when the primitive heart tube folds down length ways to form a shrimp-like shape which pushes the heart towards the chest, this happens around 4 weeks after fertilisation when blood can be seen traveling through the heart tube
36
When the heart loops what shape does it become
A c-shape
37
In the looping of the heart where do the truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis move to
They form the top of the c-shape and move down and to the right
38
Where does the primitive ventricle move to during looping of the heart
This forms the middle of the c-shape and bends to the right of the midline slightly to the front
39
Where does the primitive atrium and sinus venous move to during looping of the heart
They form the bottom of the c-shape
40
During looping of the heart where does the enlarging ventricle move to
It moves to the left crossing over the midline and covers the atrium
41
Describe how the atria and ventricles become individual in the developing heart
During partitioning of the heart the mesoderm proliferates on both the anterior and posterior walls of the atrioventricular canal. This forms the anterior and posterior endocardial cushions which begin to grow towards each other and fuse. This fusion leads to the left and right atrioventricular canal. The endocardial cells proliferate on the ventricular side of each canal which form the leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The division of the canals causes the formation of the individual atria and ventricles
42
Describe how the atria are formed
The crescent septum primum grows downwards between the future left and right aria. As the endocardial cushions grow and fuse the ostium primum closes. As this closes the ostium secundum then appears in the centre. This grows cowards too but leaves a small opening known as the foramen ovale.
43
What is the septum secundum
This acts as a one way valve allowing blood to flow from the left to right atrium via the foramen ovale
44
When does the foramen ovale close
This closes after birth
45
What stimulates the closure of the foramen ovale
The decrease in right atrial pressure due to the occlusion of the placental circulation and an increase in the left atrial pressure due to an increase in the pulmonary venous return
46
Describe how the ventricles form
Muscular ridges grow upwards from the apex which fuse with the thin membranous regions hanging from the endocardial cushions which forms the right and left ventricles
47
Describe the development of the aorta
The aorta develops from the truncus arteriosus, when the 2 endocardial cushions appear on the right superior and left inferior walls they begin to grow with spiralling trajectory and so wrap around each other. This forms the artiopulmonary septum which then divides into the root of the aorta and the pulmonary artery
48
Where do the arteries of the head and neck region originate
They come from 5 aortic arches
49
What branches from the 1 aortic arch
The maxillary artery
50
What branches from the 2nd aortic arch
The stapedial artery
51
What branches from the 3rd aortic arch
2 common carotid Part of the internal carotid
52
What branches from the 4th aortic arch
The left becomes the aortic arch The right becomes the right subclavian artery
53
What branches from the 6th aortic arch
The pulmonary arteries Ductus arteriosus
54
Where do the remaining arteries develop from
They develop from the right and left dorsal aortae
55
What does the left and right dorsal aortae form
They fuse to form the dorsal aorta
56
What branches from the dorsal aorta
Posterolateral arteries Lateral arteries Ventral arteries
57
Where does the venous system develop from
The sinus venosus
58
When does the sinus venosus start to receive deoxygenated blood
Week 4 of gastrulation
59
Where does the sinus venosus receive deoxygenated blood from
The sinus horns which open into the primitive atrium
60
Where do the sinus horns receive blood from
From the Vitelline/omphalomenteric veins and the common cardiac veins
61
Why does the sinus venosus become asymmetric and shifts to the right
Due to the left to right shunt
62
What does the right sinus horn become
This sinus horn is enlarged and becomes the smooth-wall of the right atria and the opening of the superior and inferior vena cava
63
What does the left sinus horn become
This sinus horn shrinks and persists as the coronary sinus and the oblique vein of the left atrium
64
Describe the development of the conducting system in the heart
A group of specialised myocardial cells in the wall of the sinus venosus synchronise their electrical discharge to form pacemaker centres
65
What do cells in the sinus venosus become in relation to the conducting system of the heart
Sinoatrial node
66
What do cells in the atrioventricular septum become in relation to the conducting system
Atrioventricular node
67
What do cells of the intraventricular septum become in relation to the conducting system
Bundle of HIS
68
What do the rest of the ventricular myocytes become in relation to the conducting system
They form modified cardiac myocytes which become the purkinje fibres

Cardiovascular System (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions