Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
Where is the apex beat felt
5th intercostal space on the left in the midclavicular line
What is the landmark for the right heart border
Superior Vena Cava/Right atrium
What is the landmark for the left heart border
Aortic Knuckle
Left pulmonary artery
Left Aortic Appendage
Left Ventricle
What is mostly seen on the anterior of the heart
The right ventricle
What is mainly seen on the posterior surface of the heart
Mainly the left atrium and pulmonary veins
What is the mediastinum
The area between the right and left pleura
Where is the divide that splits the mediastinum into superior and inferior
The plane between the sternal angle and T4/5
What divides the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum
The pericardium
What does the pericardium consist of
Fibrous parietal and visceral layers
What is potential space surrounding the heart
The pericardial space
What is cardiac tamponade
This is rapid collection of pericardial fluid in the pericardial space meaning it becomes restricted and impairs filling of the heart
What is pleural reflection
Pleural reflection allows drainage of pericardial fluid from the left of the xiphisternum
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves in the heart
The mitral and tricuspid valves
Are the atrioventricular valves intrinsic or extrinsic part of their ventricles
Intrinsic part of their ventricles
What do papillary muscles attached to
They are attached to the atrioventricular valves
How do the papillary muscles attach to the atrioventricular valves
Chordae tendinae
What are the 2 semilunar valves in the heart
Aortic and pulmonary
Are the semilunar valves intrinsic or extrinsic part of their great artery
Intrinsic part of their great artery
How does arterial blood leave get into the heart
Arterial blood travels through the pulmonary veins from the lungs into the heart
How does arterial blood leave the heart and travel to the rest of the body
Via the aorta
How does venous blood travel to the lungs
Venous blood travels to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
How does venous blood travel back to the heart
In veins which feed into the superior and inferior vena cava
What are the characteristics of the left ventricle
Thick wall
Muscular wall
What are the characteristics of the right ventricle
Thin wall
Muscular wall
Do the atria have thin or thick walls
Thin walls
How many pulmonary veins are there and where do they drain into
4 pulmonary veins which drain into the left atrium
What is the coronary sinus
This drains blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium
Does the right atrium have smooth to trabeculated walls
The right atrium has both smooth and trabeculated portions
The smooth from the sinus venosus and trabeculated from the original atrium
What separates the smooth and trabeculated portions in the right atrium
Crista terminalis
What is the fossa ovalis
The remnant of the foramen ovale from fetal life
How do cardiac muscle cells cross link and join together
Intercalated discs
Where do the coronary arteries arse from
They arise from the aortic root sinuses
What do the coronary arteries supply
They supply the heart muscle itself
What does it mean that the coronary arteries are epicardial
They are epicardial which means they are accessible to the surgeon for bypass surgery
What are coronaries
They are the functional end of the arteries
What does the left main stem coronary artery branch into
It divides into the left anterior descending and circumflex
Where does the left anterior descending artery run
It runs down the anterior interventricular groove
What branches come off the left anterior descending branch
The septal branch
The diagonal branch
What does the septal and diagonal branches serve
The septal and diagonal branches serve the septum and left ventricular myocardium
Where does the circumflex branch run
Runs in the left atrioventricular groove
What branches of the circumflex branch
The obtuse marginal branches
What do the obtuse marginal branches serve
They serve the posterolateral left ventricular wall
In 10% of people the circumflex artery serves what
The posterior descending artery
Where does the right coronary artery run
The right coronary artery runs down the right atrioventricular groove
What does the right coronary artery supply
The sinus node
Atrioventricular node
Branches of the anterior right ventricular wall
What does the distal right coronary artery branch into
Posterolateral and posterior descending arteries
Where does the posterior descending artery run
Runs in the posterior interventricular groove
What does the posterior descending artery supply
The inferior septum and left ventricle
How is dominance determined in the heart
Determined by which artery either the right coronary artery or the circumflex artery supplies the posterior descending artery
Which is most common right or left dominant
Right dominant
If a person is right dominant which artery supplies the posterior descending artery
The right coronary artery
What does it mean if someone is co-dominant
The right coronary and circumflex both help to supply the posterior descending artery
