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Cardiovascular System > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the apex beat felt

A

5th intercostal space on the left in the midclavicular line

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2
Q

What is the landmark for the right heart border

A

Superior Vena Cava/Right atrium

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3
Q

What is the landmark for the left heart border

A

Aortic Knuckle
Left pulmonary artery
Left Aortic Appendage
Left Ventricle

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4
Q

What is mostly seen on the anterior of the heart

A

The right ventricle

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5
Q

What is mainly seen on the posterior surface of the heart

A

Mainly the left atrium and pulmonary veins

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6
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The area between the right and left pleura

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7
Q

Where is the divide that splits the mediastinum into superior and inferior

A

The plane between the sternal angle and T4/5

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8
Q

What divides the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

A

The pericardium

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9
Q

What does the pericardium consist of

A

Fibrous parietal and visceral layers

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10
Q

What is potential space surrounding the heart

A

The pericardial space

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11
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

This is rapid collection of pericardial fluid in the pericardial space meaning it becomes restricted and impairs filling of the heart

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12
Q

What is pleural reflection

A

Pleural reflection allows drainage of pericardial fluid from the left of the xiphisternum

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13
Q

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves in the heart

A

The mitral and tricuspid valves

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14
Q

Are the atrioventricular valves intrinsic or extrinsic part of their ventricles

A

Intrinsic part of their ventricles

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15
Q

What do papillary muscles attached to

A

They are attached to the atrioventricular valves

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16
Q

How do the papillary muscles attach to the atrioventricular valves

A

Chordae tendinae

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17
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves in the heart

A

Aortic and pulmonary

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18
Q

Are the semilunar valves intrinsic or extrinsic part of their great artery

A

Intrinsic part of their great artery

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19
Q

How does arterial blood leave get into the heart

A

Arterial blood travels through the pulmonary veins from the lungs into the heart

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20
Q

How does arterial blood leave the heart and travel to the rest of the body

A

Via the aorta

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21
Q

How does venous blood travel to the lungs

A

Venous blood travels to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

22
Q

How does venous blood travel back to the heart

A

In veins which feed into the superior and inferior vena cava

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the left ventricle

A

Thick wall
Muscular wall

24
Q

What are the characteristics of the right ventricle

A

Thin wall
Muscular wall

25
Q

Do the atria have thin or thick walls

A

Thin walls

26
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there and where do they drain into

A

4 pulmonary veins which drain into the left atrium

27
Q

What is the coronary sinus

A

This drains blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium

28
Q

Does the right atrium have smooth to trabeculated walls

A

The right atrium has both smooth and trabeculated portions
The smooth from the sinus venosus and trabeculated from the original atrium

29
Q

What separates the smooth and trabeculated portions in the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

30
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

The remnant of the foramen ovale from fetal life

31
Q

How do cardiac muscle cells cross link and join together

A

Intercalated discs

32
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arse from

A

They arise from the aortic root sinuses

33
Q

What do the coronary arteries supply

A

They supply the heart muscle itself

34
Q

What does it mean that the coronary arteries are epicardial

A

They are epicardial which means they are accessible to the surgeon for bypass surgery

35
Q

What are coronaries

A

They are the functional end of the arteries

36
Q

What does the left main stem coronary artery branch into

A

It divides into the left anterior descending and circumflex

37
Q

Where does the left anterior descending artery run

A

It runs down the anterior interventricular groove

38
Q

What branches come off the left anterior descending branch

A

The septal branch
The diagonal branch

39
Q

What does the septal and diagonal branches serve

A

The septal and diagonal branches serve the septum and left ventricular myocardium

40
Q

Where does the circumflex branch run

A

Runs in the left atrioventricular groove

41
Q

What branches of the circumflex branch

A

The obtuse marginal branches

42
Q

What do the obtuse marginal branches serve

A

They serve the posterolateral left ventricular wall

43
Q

In 10% of people the circumflex artery serves what

A

The posterior descending artery

44
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run

A

The right coronary artery runs down the right atrioventricular groove

45
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply

A

The sinus node
Atrioventricular node
Branches of the anterior right ventricular wall

46
Q

What does the distal right coronary artery branch into

A

Posterolateral and posterior descending arteries

47
Q

Where does the posterior descending artery run

A

Runs in the posterior interventricular groove

48
Q

What does the posterior descending artery supply

A

The inferior septum and left ventricle

49
Q

How is dominance determined in the heart

A

Determined by which artery either the right coronary artery or the circumflex artery supplies the posterior descending artery

50
Q

Which is most common right or left dominant

A

Right dominant

51
Q

If a person is right dominant which artery supplies the posterior descending artery

A

The right coronary artery

52
Q

What does it mean if someone is co-dominant

A

The right coronary and circumflex both help to supply the posterior descending artery

Cardiovascular System (12 decks)

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