Embryology of the GI Flashcards
Define gastrulation.
The bilaminar germ disk is covered into the trilaminar disk through the following process;
- Cells flow over primitive streak between two existing layers (ecto- and endoderm).
- A third embryonic germinal layer is formed, called the mesoderm.
- The ectoderm now lies dorsally, while the endoderm lies ventrally.
What occurs in Week 1 of embryonic development?
Fertilisation and implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall.
What occurs in Week 3 of embryonic development?
Trilaminar germ disk formation (gastrulation), CNS induction and neurulation.
Name two factors that can cause major abnormalities if present during organogenesis.
Drugs and viruses.
What occurs in Week 8 of embryonic development?
Organogenesis.
What does the embryonic ectoderm form?
Skin (epidermis, hair, nail), CNS, PNS, sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, nose & other structures (pituitary, mammary, sweat glands, enamel of teeth), and adrenal medulla.
What does the embryonic mesoderm form?
Muscle, bones, cartilage, dermis, vascular system (most of the CVS connective tissues, blood cells and bone marrow, vessels associated with organs and tissues), urogenital system except bladder, spleen, liver mesenchyme, and suprarenal gland cortex.
What does the embryonic endoderm form?
Epithelial lining of respiratory system, GIT, glands, liver (hepatocyte and biliary epithelium), pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid parenchyma, and bladder.
Name the components of the foregut.
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and upper duodenum.
Where does the foregut end?
The second section of the duodenum.
Is the duodenum intra- or retroperitoneal?
The first (superior) section is intraperitoneal while the other three sections are retroperitoneal.
Name the components of the midgut.
The distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon.
Where does the midgut end?
Proximal to the end third of the transverse colon.
Describe the process of regulating gut formation.
SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) transcription factor is secreted from the gut endoderm –> induces HOX gene in gut mesoderm –> molecular regulation of craniocaudal organisation of gut
What structure does the foregut develop from?
The cranial part of the primitive gut tube.