Anorectal Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Give an account of common anorectal conditions and their management.
A
a
2
Q
Describe normal anorectal anatomy and physiology.
A
a
3
Q
Describe how colorectal imaging can be used in the diagnosis of common anorectal conditions.
A
a
4
Q
Describe the common presentation of anorectal disorders.
A
- Pain
- Haemorrhage
- Dysfunction
5
Q
Describe the classification of anorectal disorders.
A
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Malignancy
- Trauma
6
Q
List congenital anorectal disorders.
A
- Imperforate anus
- Uro-genital fistulae
- Hirschprung’s myenteric plexus deficiency
7
Q
List acquired anorectal disorders.
A
- Haemorrhoids
- Fissure
- Abscess
- Fistula-in-ano
- Ulceration
- Cancer
- Control of continence
8
Q
Describe the aetiology of haemorrhoids.
A
- Constipation (prolonged straining)
- Congestion from pelvic tumour, pregnancy
- Portal hypertension
9
Q
Describe the site of haemorrhoids.
A
- Disrupted and dilated anal cushions
- Three cushions: 3, 7, 11 o’ clock (lithotomy position)
External: below dentate line (external rectal plexus)
Internal: above dentate line (internal rectal plexus)
Mixed: both above and below
10
Q
Describe the presentation of haemorrhoids.
A
- Bright red rectal bleeding (often coating stools, on tissue, or dripping after defecation)
- Mucous discharge
- Pruritus ani
- Severe anaemia
11
Q
Describe the treatment of haemorrhoids.
A
- Fluid and fibre
- Topical analgesics
