embryology of gastrointestinal tract

Question 1

what part forms the distal esophagus, stomach and parts of duodenum?

Answer 1

foregut- marks the end

Question 2

which part begins at the entrance of the bile duct and ends with transverse colon?

Answer 2

midgut- largest part

Question 3

which part begins at transverse colon and ends at anal canal?

Answer 3

hindgut

Question 4

why are the 3 embryological parts important?

Answer 4

because the adult derivatives share a unified blood and autonomic nerve supply- tells you which level of spine you are affecting

Question 5

what is the blood supply of each part?

Answer 5

foregut: celiac trunk
midgut: superior mesenteric artery
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery

Question 6

what is the sympathetic innervation of each part?

Answer 6

foregut and midgut: greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9 and lesser splanchnic nerve T10-T11
hindgut: lumbar splanchnic nerve L1-L2

Question 7

what is the parasympathetic innervation of each part?

Answer 7

foregut and midgut: vagus nerve

hindgut: pelvic splanchnic nerve S2-S4

Question 8

what are the 4 layers of the gut wall?

Answer 8

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa or adventitia

Question 9

where does absorption take place in the layers of the gut wall?

Answer 9

mucosal layer

Question 10

which thick layer of smooth muscle is responsible for peristalsis?

Answer 10

muscularis externa

Question 11

what are the 2 layers of muscular is externa

Answer 11

inner circular

outer longitudinal

Question 12

visceral peritoneum =

Answer 12

serosa

Question 13

retroperitoneal =

Answer 13

adventitia

Question 14

what are the 2 parts of the enteric nervous system?

Answer 14

submucosal plexus

myenteric plexus

Question 15

what do the postganglionic fibers of the submucosal plexus supply?

Answer 15

muscularis mucosae

mucus secreting glands

Question 16

what do the postganglionic fibers of the myenteric plexus supply?

Answer 16

smooth muscle layers and stimulate peristalsis