digestive tract part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the proximal 2/5 of the small intestine?

A

jejunum

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2
Q

what makes up the distal 3/5 of the small intestine?

A

ileum

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3
Q

which segment is most involved in nutrient absorption?

A

jejunum

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4
Q

which segment absorbs fat soluble vitamins, B12 and bile salts?

A

ileum

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5
Q

what was an old weight loss procedure that resulted in explosive diarrhea?

A

jejunoileal bypass

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6
Q

what are the straight terminal branches of the arteries which travel through the mesentery to supply the small intestine?

A

vasa recta

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7
Q

what are the circular folds found within the small intestine

A

plicae circulares- increase surface area, slow passage of material

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8
Q

what are aggregations of lymphoid tissue found within the walls of the small intestine?

A

peyer’s patches- immune defense

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9
Q

what is the blood supply to the ileum and jejunum?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

what is the innervation of the jejunum and ileum?

A

autonomic fibers from the superior mesenteric plexus

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11
Q

what is a common malformation of digestive tract with a remnant portion of embryonic vitelline duct?

A

ileal (meckel’s) diverticulum- fingerlike pouch which projects from the distal ileum

diverticulum gets inflamed mimicking appendicitis

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12
Q

what is an autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease which usually affects the distal ileum and adjacent colon?

A

crohn’s disease

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13
Q

crohn’s disease results in thickening and ulceration of affected segment and has what symptoms?

A

pain, diarrhea, malabsorption

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14
Q

what is the length of the large intestine?

A

extends from ileocecal junction of anus and is 1.5 m in length

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15
Q

what is the LI primary function?

A

convert liquid contents of ileum into semisolid feces by absorbing water

also involved in synthesis of some vitamins- K

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16
Q

what prevents back flow of feces into ileum?

A

ileal fold

17
Q

what are the 4 parts of the LI?

A
cecum
-ileal fold
appendix 
colon 
rectum and anal canal
18
Q

what attaches the appendix to the mesentery of the ileum?

A

mesoappendix

19
Q

what is the most common position of the appendix?

A

retrocecal

20
Q

what is the most common intra-abdominal inflammatory condition which involves inflammation of the reniform appendix?

A

appendicitis

21
Q

what is the cause of appendicitis?

A

obstruction of lumen due to:
fecal impaction
lymphoid hyperplasia

22
Q

what are 3 narrow longitudinal bands of muscle seen most prominently in the cecum and ascending colon?

A

taeniae coli

23
Q

what are sacculations of outpouchings of the colon?

A

haustra of colon

24
Q

what are small masses of fat which are covered with visceral peritoneum and which extend from colon?

A

omental appendices

25
Q

what are herniations of the mucosa of the colon through the muscular layer without inflammation

A

diverticulosis

26
Q

where and at what age are diverticulosis most common?

A

over age 40 and the sigmoid colon

related to low fiber diet

27
Q

if the diverticuli become inflamed the condition is called?

A

diverticulitis

28
Q

how may diverticulosis be treated?

A

laser endoscopy

29
Q

what is an auto immune condition that results in sever inflammation and ulceration of the rectum and lower colon that is usually restricted to the mucosa?

A

ulcerative colitis

30
Q

what are symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

abdominal pain and diarrhea, bowel perforation may occur

31
Q

what is a key characteristic of ulcerative colitis?

A

tear drop deformity

32
Q

what is the blood supply to the small and large intestine?

A

superior mesenteric artery- large distribution
inferior mesenteric artery
marginal artery

33
Q

what are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 
jejunal and ileal arteries- 12-15 branches 
ileocolic artery 
right colic artery 
middle colic artery
34
Q

what provides collateral circulation to colon and prevents a bowel infarction? also endpoint of ischemic bowel disease

A

marginal artery

35
Q

what is the mortality rate of transmural bowel infarction?

A

95%

36
Q

what are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

left colic- descending colon
sigmoid arteries- sigmoid colon
superior rectal- terminal branch

37
Q

where do all branches of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries empty into?

A

marginal artery

38
Q

what is the straight terminal branch from marginal artery to LI?

A

vasa recta

39
Q

what is associated with increased risk of hiatal hernia, inguinal hernia, diverticulosis and colon cancer?

A

chronic constipation