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gross anatomy II ex 3 > digestive tract > Flashcards

digestive tract Flashcards

1
Q

the pyloric part of the stomach consists of what 3 subdivisions?

A

pyloric antrum- wide
pyloric canal- narrow
pylorus- termination

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2
Q

what are the 2 parts of the pylorus?

A

pyloric orifice

pyloric sphincter- surrounds pyloric orifice

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3
Q

what is the function of the gastric folds (rugae)?

A

increase surface area for digestion and absorption

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4
Q

what is a tumor like increase in the size of the pyloric sphincter which reduces size of pyloric canal?

A

congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis- not a tumor but an overgrowth of muscle

results in projectile vomiting

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5
Q

is congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?

A

males

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6
Q

what is used to determine difference between CHPS and pylorospasm?

A

barium x-ray is needed

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7
Q

what is a condition more common than CHPS that results in spasmodic contraction of pyloric sphincter which can cause full stomach and vomiting

A

pylorospasm- subluxation of T5-9 may play a role

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8
Q

what is a crater like depression in the mucosa of the stomach?

A

gastric ulcer

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9
Q

what are some causes of a gastric ulcer?

A

excess acid secretion- stress
inadequate mucus barrier- h pylori

sublux of T5-T9 may play a role

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10
Q

what is the blood supply to the stomach?

A

celiac trunk

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11
Q

what is the nerve supply to the stomach?

A

S: greater splanchnic nerve T5-9
P: vagus nerve

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12
Q

what is the first unpaired branch from the abdominal aorta that arises immediately below aortic hiatus of diaphragm

A

celiac trunk

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13
Q

what are the branches of the celiac trunk?

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

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14
Q

what is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk that runs along the lesser curvature within lesser omentum

A

left gastric artery

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15
Q

what is the largest branch of the celiac trunk that runs posterior to the stomach along superior border of pancreas to terminate at spleen?

A

splenic artery

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16
Q

what does the common hepatic artery become?

A

hepatic artery proper

17
Q

which artery gives off the gastroduodenal artery?

A

common hepatic artery

18
Q

how long is the SI?

A

7 m extends from pyloric orifice to ileocecal junction

19
Q

what is the shortest and widest part of the SI?

A

duodenum- 25 cm

20
Q

what is a C-shaped tube which surrounds the head of the pancreas?

A

duodenum

21
Q

what secretes a dilute and watery mucus to neutralize gastric acid?

A

duodenal (brunner) glands

22
Q

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

superior- 1st
descending- 2nd
inferior- 3rd
ascending- 4th

23
Q

what is the name of the beginning of the superior part of duodenum?

A

duodenal cap (ampulla)

24
Q

what duodenal part contains the foregut and midgut where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty?

A

descending part

25
Q

what is the longest part of the duodenum?

A

inferior or horizontal part

26
Q

what is a fibromuscular band which extends from the diaphragm to the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

suspensory muscle (ligament) of the duodenum

27
Q

which part of the duodenum is free/mobile?

A

duodenal cap, the rest is retroperitoneal

28
Q

the superior mesenteric artery and vein pass anterior to?

A

3rd part of duodenum

29
Q

what supplies the 3rd and 4th parts of the duodenum?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

30
Q

what is the innervation of the duodenum?

A

autonomic fibers from the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses

31
Q

where is the most common location of a duodenal ulcer?

A

duodenal cap

32
Q

when ulcers perforate, contents escape causing?

A

peritonitis

33
Q

erosion of the gastroduodenal artery by a perforated duodenal ulcer can result in?

A

severe hemorrhage

34
Q

the greater splanchnic nerve supplies sympathetic innervation to the?

A

stomach and duodenum above the entrance of the common bile duct

35
Q

what organs can be damaged by a perforated duodenal ulcer?

A

liver, pancreas, gallbladder

gross anatomy II ex 3 (7 decks)

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