digestive tract Flashcards
the pyloric part of the stomach consists of what 3 subdivisions?
pyloric antrum- wide
pyloric canal- narrow
pylorus- termination
what are the 2 parts of the pylorus?
pyloric orifice
pyloric sphincter- surrounds pyloric orifice
what is the function of the gastric folds (rugae)?
increase surface area for digestion and absorption
what is a tumor like increase in the size of the pyloric sphincter which reduces size of pyloric canal?
congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis- not a tumor but an overgrowth of muscle
results in projectile vomiting
is congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?
males
what is used to determine difference between CHPS and pylorospasm?
barium x-ray is needed
what is a condition more common than CHPS that results in spasmodic contraction of pyloric sphincter which can cause full stomach and vomiting
pylorospasm- subluxation of T5-9 may play a role
what is a crater like depression in the mucosa of the stomach?
gastric ulcer
what are some causes of a gastric ulcer?
excess acid secretion- stress
inadequate mucus barrier- h pylori
sublux of T5-T9 may play a role
what is the blood supply to the stomach?
celiac trunk
what is the nerve supply to the stomach?
S: greater splanchnic nerve T5-9
P: vagus nerve
what is the first unpaired branch from the abdominal aorta that arises immediately below aortic hiatus of diaphragm
celiac trunk
what are the branches of the celiac trunk?
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic
what is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk that runs along the lesser curvature within lesser omentum
left gastric artery
what is the largest branch of the celiac trunk that runs posterior to the stomach along superior border of pancreas to terminate at spleen?
splenic artery
what does the common hepatic artery become?
hepatic artery proper
which artery gives off the gastroduodenal artery?
common hepatic artery
how long is the SI?
7 m extends from pyloric orifice to ileocecal junction
what is the shortest and widest part of the SI?
duodenum- 25 cm
what is a C-shaped tube which surrounds the head of the pancreas?
duodenum
what secretes a dilute and watery mucus to neutralize gastric acid?
duodenal (brunner) glands
what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
superior- 1st
descending- 2nd
inferior- 3rd
ascending- 4th
what is the name of the beginning of the superior part of duodenum?
duodenal cap (ampulla)
what duodenal part contains the foregut and midgut where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty?
descending part
what is the longest part of the duodenum?
inferior or horizontal part
what is a fibromuscular band which extends from the diaphragm to the duodenojejunal flexure?
suspensory muscle (ligament) of the duodenum
which part of the duodenum is free/mobile?
duodenal cap, the rest is retroperitoneal
the superior mesenteric artery and vein pass anterior to?
3rd part of duodenum
what supplies the 3rd and 4th parts of the duodenum?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
what is the innervation of the duodenum?
autonomic fibers from the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses
where is the most common location of a duodenal ulcer?
duodenal cap
when ulcers perforate, contents escape causing?
peritonitis
erosion of the gastroduodenal artery by a perforated duodenal ulcer can result in?
severe hemorrhage
the greater splanchnic nerve supplies sympathetic innervation to the?
stomach and duodenum above the entrance of the common bile duct
what organs can be damaged by a perforated duodenal ulcer?
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
