Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AA-Bloc A - Molecules to global health > Embryology - Embryogenesis > Flashcards

Embryology - Embryogenesis Flashcards

Introduction to terminology relevant to the curricular blocks Understand the significance of embryology Understand the initial phases of development Understand the 3 germ layers (gastrulation) and significance Introduction to concepts and stages of later embryogenesis

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 anatomical planes

A
  • Frontal (coronal) : separates anterior & posterior
  • Sagittal: Separates right and left sides
  • Transverse (horizontal): separations superior and inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much time takes fertilization?

A

takes 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What marks the beginning of fertilization?

A

Beggining of pre-embryonic period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does fertilization occurs?

A

When a spermatozoon and an oocyte contact and unite to form the zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What initiate the cleavage of the zygote?

A

metabolic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What could cause the death of a zygote

A

defect in the molecular and physical sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cleavage of the zygote exactly?

A

Consists of repeated mitotic division of the zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of each cell after the mitotic division?

A

Blastomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do cells are tightly aligned against each other?

A

Allows better cell interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whats the name of the 12-32 cell stage when it enters the uterus?

A

Morula stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is surrounding the blastomere and the morula?

A

the Zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the size of the embryo during the blastomere and morula stage?

A

It does not increase in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Time line of blastomere, morula

A

2-cell stage = 30hrs
4-cell stage = 40hrs
8-cell stage = 60hrs
12-32-cell stage = 3-4 days (morula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens at day 5

A

The morula becomes hollowed by a fluid-filled space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the fluid filled space in the morula at day 5?

A

Blastocystic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the fluid to the blastocyst?

A

Separates the blastocyst into 2 parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the divided blastocyst?

A
  • outer cell layer : trophoblast (embryonic part of placenta)
  • inner mass cell : embryoblast : gives rise to the embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What forms the Blastocyst

A

Trophoblast, embryoblast and the blastocystic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the implantation and when does it happen?

A

Day 6-10 : blastocyst attaches to the endometrial epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In what does the trophoblast differentiates ?

A

2 layers:

  • Cytotrophoblast : layer adjacent to embryoblast
  • syncytiotrophoblast: invade endometrial epithelium to establish nutrient circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

From what is derived the nourishment for the nutrient circulation by the syncytotrophoblast ?

A

Nourishment is derived from the eroded maternal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens after the differentiation of the trophoblast, around day 8?

A

The blastocyst begins to be embedded in the endometrium

23
Q

What happens at day 9

A

Lacunae (small space) appears in the syncytiotrophoblast

24
Q

what happens around day 9-10?

A

The blastocyt sinks beneath the endometrial epithelium

25
Q

By what is filled the implantation site?

A

B y a closing plug - fibrin coagulum

26
Q

How are the lacunar networks formed and when?

A

around day 10-11, formed by fusion of adjacent lacunae

27
Q

When and how is the uteroplacental circulation established?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast erodes endometrial capillaries - around day 12

28
Q

Where usually occur the implantation?

A

In the uterine endometrium, the superior part of the uterus

29
Q

Where happens extrauterine pregnancies, usually?

A

uterine tube (95-98%)

30
Q

symptoms of ectopic/tubal pregnancy

A

abdo pain, tenderness, abnormal bleeding and peritonitis

31
Q

Where occur abdominal pregnancies?

A

on fimbriae, it could be expelled into the peritoneal cavity and will implant in the rectouterine pouch.

32
Q

is an abdo pregnancy viable?

A

May continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy

33
Q

Rewind to day 6-7, when the trophoblast proliferates and differentiates into 2 layers, something also happens to the embryoblast simultaneously, what happens?

A

The embryoblast undergoes morphological changes : bilaminar disc (2 layers) formation

34
Q

What are the 2 layers of the bilaminar disc of the embryoblast?

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

35
Q

What is the epiblast

A

Primary ectoderm: thick layer of columnar cell related to the amniotic cavity

36
Q

What is the hypoblast

A

Primary endoderm: cuboidal cell facing the blastocystic cavity

37
Q

How is the amniotic cavity created around day 7?

A

The amnioblast separates from epiblast to form the amnion enclosing the amniotic cavity

38
Q

How is the primary umbilical vesicle (yolk sac) created around day 7-8?

A

The hypoblast cell migrate and populate the inner surface of the blastocystic cavity forming the exocoelomic membrane with exocoelomic cavity. the hypoblast with exocelomic membrane form the yolk sac

39
Q

How is created the extraembryonic mesoderm around day 10-116

A

Hypoblast cells form a layer of connective tissue between the exocoelomic membrane and the cytotrophoblast

40
Q

How is called the space that appears in the extraembryonic mesoderm around day 12-13?

A

Extraembryonic ceolom (cavity)

41
Q

What does the extraembryonic coelom surrounds ?

A

It surrounds the amnion and the primary umbilical vesicle exept at the connecting stalk

42
Q

In what does the extraembryonic coelom separates the extraembryonic mesoderm into?

A
  • extraembryonic somatic mesoderm : lining the trophoblast
  • Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm: lining yolk sac
43
Q

What is formed as the extraembryonic coelom forms ?

A

The secondary umbilical vesicle

44
Q

High yield diapo about implantation and embryoblast in brief (to review only, no question)

A
45
Q

When is the first stage of placenta

A

late second week

46
Q

What is a placenta

A

Fetomaternal organ for metabolic exchange between mother-embryo

47
Q

From what embryonic and trophoblastic structures is derived the palcenta?

A

Induced by extraembryonic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast column covered by syncytiotrophoblast, grow into the endometrium forming primary chorionic villi

48
Q

What is the chorionic villi

A

vascular process of the chorion

49
Q

Why do we want to maximize the surface area of where the placenta is implanted (the wave shaped chorionic villi)?

A

To maximize the contact with the maternal blood for nutrient and gaz exchange

50
Q

What is the chorionic sac

A

Composed of extraembryoninc somatic mesoderm and trophoblast layers.

51
Q

What is IN the chorionic sac

A

the embryo, amniotic sac and umbilical vesicle

52
Q

So, when is the fetomaternal circulation etablished?

A

When the primary chorionic villi appears, late 2nd week.

53
Q
A

AA-Bloc A - Molecules to global health (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions