Embryology and Teratology

Question 1

ACE inhibitor in pregnancy

Answer 1

fetal hypotension, renal failure, oligohydramnios (potter syndrome- growth restriction, contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, stillbirth, neonatal death)

Question 2

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 2

IUGR or SGA
Facial anomalies- absent philtrum, epicanthal folds, flattened nasal bone, low set ears, midfacial anomalies
Microcephaly, mental retardation

Full disease occurs in 6% of infants exposed to heavy drinking

Question 3

Retinol syndrome

Answer 3

CNS malformations, microotia, anotia, micrognathia, cleft palate, cardiac and great vessel defects, thymic abnormalities, eye anomalies, and limb reduction defects

2nd & 3rd- IUGR, fetal arrythmias,

Question 4

Radiation level of concern

Answer 4

8-15 weeks >50 rads

Question 5

First arch syndrome

Answer 5

Trecher Collins and Pierre Robins (more severe - tounge displaced as well)
The branchial apparatus, consisting of: 1. Branchial arches, 2. Pharyngeal pouches 3. Branchial grooves and 4. Branchial membranes contributes to the formation of the head and neck.

Question 6

22q 11 syndrome

Answer 6

conotruncal cardiac anomalies, cleft palate, thymic hypoplasia.

Question 7

Warfarin embryopathy

Answer 7

abnormalities of the bone and cartilage (nasal and limb hypoplasia)

Question 8

Fibroblast growth factor 3

Answer 8

skeletal dysplasia, craniosynostosis, Thanatophroic, hypochrondroplasia.

Question 9

Carbamazepine exposure

Answer 9

open NTD, upslanting palpebral fissures, long philtrum, nail hypoplasia, microcephaly, growth restriction

Question 10

twinning days

Answer 10

3- di/di twins
4-7 mono/di twins
8-12 mono/mono twins
>13 conjoined

Question 11

Iodine in breastfeeding

Answer 11

iodine is concentrated in breastmilk, and if given too much the infant will have thyroid depression.