Embryology

Question 1

what happens durring capacitaion?

Answer 1

glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins are removed from the spermatoon head

Question 2

what happens durring acrosome reaction?

Answer 2

acrosin and trypsin like substance are released to penetrate ZP

Question 3

what must the spermatozoon must penetrate?

Answer 3

corona radiata
ZP
oocyte cell membrane

Question 4

what is cleavage?

Answer 4

series of mitotic divisions in cell- blastomeres. becomes smaller. after 3 divisions-> compaction

Question 5

what is morula?

Answer 5

16-32 compact blastomeres

Question 6

when does the morula enters the uterus?

what does it become?

Answer 6

3-4 days after fertilization

becomes blastocyst

Question 7

when does trophoblast differentiate?

Answer 7

beginning of the 2nd week

Question 8

to what does the trophoblast differentiate to?

Answer 8

inner cytotrophoblast

outer syncytiotrophoblast

Question 9

what forms the bilaminar disk?

Answer 9

epiblast

hypoblast

Question 10

when does implantation occurs?

Answer 10

end of 1st week

By day 7

Question 11

What lines the yolk sac ?

Early

Answer 11

Hypoblast cells

Question 12

What gives the three layers?

Answer 12

Epiblast

Question 13

What lines the amniotic cavity?

Answer 13

Epiblast cells

Question 14

Where does the groove starts from?

Answer 14

Caudal to cranial

Question 15

What makes up the primitive streak?

Answer 15

Primitive groove
Primitive pit
Primitive node

Question 16

Extra embryonic mesoderm divides into ____ and _____

Answer 16

Parietal and visceral mesodrm

Question 17

Cranial bilaminar region developes into the

Answer 17

Oropharyngeal membrane

Question 18

Caudal bilaminar region developes into the

Answer 18

Cloacal membrane

Question 19

Mesoderm around notochord differentiate into three=

In day 20

Answer 19

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral plate

Question 20

Examples of neural crest cells derivatives

Answer 20

PNS
Some facial bones
Parafollicular cells of Thyroid
Melanocytes of skin
Chromaffin cells of Adrenal Glands

Question 21

When do cranial and caudal neuropores close?

Answer 21

Cranial- day 25

Caudal- day 28

Question 22

What makes up the somites?

Answer 22

Paraxial mesoderm

Question 23

By the end of week ___ there are ____ pairs of somites

Answer 23

Week 5

42-44 pairs

Question 24

Derivatives of the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 24

Adrenal cortex
Kidneys
Testes/ovaries

Question 25

Lateral mesoderm divide into

Answer 25

Somatic/parietal covering the ectoderm | Splanchnic/visceral covering the endoderm

Question 26

Lateral mesoderm give rise to

Answer 26

Serous membranes Limb tissue Heart Circulatory system

Question 27

Vitteline duct remnant

Answer 27

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 28

Endoderm derivatives

Answer 28

``` Tonsils Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Lining of GI Lining of trachea ```

Question 29

heart is derived from

Answer 29

visceral mesoderm

Question 30

heart tube structure

Answer 30

``` from up to bottom- trancus arteriosus bulbus cordis primitive ventricle primitive atrium sinus venosus ```

Question 31

whar makes the right ventricle?

Answer 31

bulbus cordis

Question 32

whaen does the heart tube goes through looping?

Answer 32

week 4

Question 33

describe the heart looping

Answer 33

trancus arteriosus and bublus cordis move downwards and to the right

Question 34

what will give us the common carotid arteries?

Answer 34

3rd aortic arch

Question 35

what will give us the aortic arch?

Answer 35

IV left aortic arches

Question 36

what will give us the right subclavian artery?

Answer 36

IV right aortic arch

Question 37

what will give us the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 37

6th aortic arch

Question 38

what will give us the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 38

left 6th aortic arch