Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

which germ layer forms the heart?

A

visceral MESODERM

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2
Q

what is the mesothelium the origin of and what does it establish?

A

origin of heart fields;

1) primary
2) secondary

established in the cranial most end of the embryo to the developing neural tube

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3
Q

how does the heart reach its final position? (2)

A

1) lateral folding

2) cranio-caudal folding

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4
Q

what is lateral folding?

A

bings the forming heart tubes to the midline to fuse into a single tube

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5
Q

Name the 5 parts of the heart tube, from cranial to caudal end

A

1) Truncus arteriosus
2) Bulbus cordis
3) Ventricle
4) atrium
5) sinus venosus

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6
Q

What does the trunks arteriosus of the heart tube produce?

A
  • Aorta

- Pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

Wha does the bulbus cordis of the heart tube produce?

A

= Trabeculated part of right ventricle outflow part of both ventricles

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8
Q

what does the ventricle of the heart tube produce?

A

trabeculated part of left ventricle

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9
Q

what does the atrium of the heart tube produce?

A

trabeculated part of both atrium (i.e. right & left)

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10
Q

what does the sinus venosus of the heart tube produce?

A
  • smooth part of right atrium

- coronary sinus

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11
Q

what 3 vessels enter the right & left horns of the sinus venosus?

A

1) vitelline vein
2) umbilical vein
3) cardinal vein

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12
Q

what does the vitelline vein drain?

A

yolk sac

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13
Q

what does the umbilical vein drain?

A

oxygenated blood from placenta

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14
Q

what does the cardinal vein act as a precursor for?

A

the systemic venous system

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15
Q

what happens at day 23 of foetal development?

A

the heart begins to loop & fold

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16
Q

what are the aortic arches associated with?

How many aortic aches are there?

A

= pharyngeal arches

= 6

17
Q

what is the 1st and 2nd pair associated to?

A

mostly obliterated

18
Q

what is the 5th pairs associated with?

A

it is rudimentary or absent

19
Q

what is the 3rd pair associated with?

A

common carotid aa

- first part of ICA

20
Q

what is the 4th part associated with?

A

right subclavian a

- part of aortic arch

21
Q

what is the 6th part associated with?

A
  • sprout branches that form pulmonary aa

- ductus ateriosus on left

22
Q

what does the anterior cardinal veins drain?

A

drain head & neck

23
Q

what does the posterior cardinal veins drain?

A

drains trunk