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NMF: Obs & Gynae > EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What does invagination?

A

turning something inside out or folded in to form a cavity/pouch

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2
Q

What occurs in gastrulation?

A

trilaminar disc forms: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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3
Q

What do cranial and lateral folding achieve?

A

a tube within a tube

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4
Q

Where does the urogenital system develop from?

A

the intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

When is the intermediate mesoderm formed?

A

4-6 weeks

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6
Q

Describe how the indifferent gonad is formed

A

primordial germ cells move from yolk sac to intermediate mesoderm,

coelomic epithelium proliferate –> genital ridges and somatic support cells

these cells envelop the PGC to form the primitive sex cords

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7
Q

What are the two genital ducts?

A

Mesonephric (Wollfian) –> MALE

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) –> FEMALE

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8
Q

When does sex differentiation occur?

A

week 7

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9
Q

What triggers male development?

A

the presence of SRY (sex determining region of Y) transcription factor

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10
Q

What structure becomes sertoli cells?

A

somatic support cells

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11
Q

What structure becomes testis?

A

primary sex cords

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12
Q

What brings about degeneration of the paramesonephric duct in males?

A

SRY –> sertoli cells –> anti mullerian hormone

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13
Q

Which hormone induces formation of inner male genitalia?

A

testosterone from leydig cells

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14
Q

Which hormone induces male external genitalia and prostate?

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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15
Q

Where does the seminal vesicle develop from?

A

the mesonephric duct

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16
Q

When does female development occur?

A

in the absence of SRY transcription factor

17
Q

How are ovarian follicles formed?

A

germ cells –> oocytes

somatic support ells –> granulosa cells

18
Q

What stimulates female external genitalia and the paramesonephric duct to develop?

A

ovarian and maternal oestrogens

19
Q

What does the mullerian duct become?

A

uterine tubes, uterus, superior vagina

20
Q

What does the genital tubercle become in

a) males?
b) females?

A

a) glans penis

b) clitoris

21
Q

What do the urethral folds become in

a) males?
b) females?

A

a) anus and urethral opening

b) labia minora, vagina, urethral opening and anus

22
Q

What do the genital swellings become in

a) males?
b) females?

A

a) prepuce, shaft and scrotum

b) labia majora

NMF: Obs & Gynae (12 decks)

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