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NMF: Obs & Gynae > ANATOMY OF O&G SURGERY > Flashcards

ANATOMY OF O&G SURGERY Flashcards

1
Q

Give layers of abdominal wall from external to internal (anterior)

A 
skin
superficial fascia
rectus sheath
rectus abdominus
rectus sheath
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2
Q

Give layers of abdominal wall from external to internal (lateral)

A 
skin
superficial fascia
external oblique
internal oblique transversus abdominus
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum
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3
Q

Where do the external obliques attach?

A

Between the lower ribs and iliac crest, pubic tubercle and linea alba

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4
Q

What direction do the external obliques run in?

A

same direction as external intercostals (hands in pockets)

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5
Q

Where do the internal obliques attach?

A

Between the lower limbs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

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6
Q

What direction do the internal obliques run in?

A

same direction as internal intercostals

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7
Q

Where does the transversus abdominus attach?

A

Between the lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

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8
Q

What direction does transversus abdominus run?

A

horizontally

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9
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

midline blending of aponeurosis

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10
Q

Where does the linea alba span?

A

from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

What do the tendinous intersections do to the rectus abdominus?

A

divide it into 3/4 smaller muscles to improve efficiency

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12
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

a combined aponeurosis of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

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13
Q

Which layers does the iliolinguinal nerve run between?

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominus

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14
Q

Which muscle’s aponeurosis forms the inguinal ligament?

A

external oblique

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15
Q

Which nerves supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

thoracoabdominal nerves (T12-L1)

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16
Q

Name the nerves supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

subcostal (T12)
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)

17
Q

Path of thoracoabdominal wall nerves

A

7th-11th intercostal nerves become the thoracoabdominal nerves

enter laterally

18
Q

Which vessels supply the anterior abdominal wall?

A

superior and inferior epigastric

19
Q

Where do the anterior abdominal wall vessels lie?

A

posterior to rectus abdominus

20
Q

What is

a) the superior epigastric artery a continuation of?
b) the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

A

a) internal thoracic

b) external iliac

21
Q

Which vessels supply the lateral abdominal wall?

A

the intercostal and subcostal arteries

22
Q

What are the intercostal and subcostal arteries a continuation of?

A

posterior intercostal arteries

23
Q

When incising a muscle which direction should you go?

A

same as muscle fibre

24
Q

What is LCSC?

A

Lower segment Caesarean section

25
Q

What happens to the rectus muscles in an LSCS incision?

A

they are not cut but separated from each other in a lateral direction

26
Q

Which layers are opened in a LSCS?

A 
skin and fascia
anterior rectus sheath
rectus abdominus
fascia and peritoneum
bladder retracted
uterine wall
amniotic sac
27
Q

Which layers are stitched closed in a LSCS?

A

uterine wall with visceral peritoneum
rectus sheath
fascial layer if increased BMI
skin

28
Q

What is the risk associated with a vertical midline incision in laparotomy?

A

it is relatively bloodless so wound healing may not be good and there is inc risk of complications eg, dehiscence, hernia

29
Q

What layers are opened and closed in laparotomy?

A

skin and fascia
linea alba
peritoneum

30
Q

What incisions are necessary in a laparoscopy?

A

a sub-umbilical incision +/- lateral ports

31
Q

In a laparoscopy, what can the lateral ports damage?

A

inferior epigastric artery

32
Q

Describe the path of the inferior epigastric artery

A

Emerges medial to the deep inguinal ring then passes in a superomedial direction

33
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring?

A

half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle

34
Q

What are the two types of hysterectomy?

A

abdominal and vaginal

35
Q

Which of the ureter and uterine artery is inferior?

A

ureter

water under the bridge

36
Q

Layers cut during lower segment C section

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Anterior rectus sheath
Rectus abdominis muscle
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal connective tissue
Peritoneum
Uterus

NMF: Obs & Gynae (12 decks)

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