Embryology Flashcards
What is a developmental field defect?
When an initial embryonic disturbance leads to multiple malformations by disrupting the development of adjacent tissues and structures within a particular region.
Truncus arteriosus forms:
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Endocardial cushions form:
Atrial and interventricular septa
AV and semilunar valves
R sinus venosus becomes the ______
L sinus venosus becomes the _______
R atrium
Coronary sinus
The septum _____ closes shortly after birth due to increased pressure in the L atria
Primum
Which defect causes a “machine-like murmur”
PDA
Consistent through systole and diastole
Allantois ultimately forms the _______ in the adult.
MediaN umbilical ligament
Umibilical artery ultimately forms the _______ in the adult.
MediaL umbilical ligament
Umibilical vein ultimately forms the _______ in the adult.
Ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament within the falciform ligament
What does the notochord become in the adult?
Nucleus pulposus
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (the one that wraps around the ligamentum arteriosum) innervate?
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx -> damage causes hoarseness
What are common causes of decreased pulse pressure?
Aortic stenosis
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
What are common causes of increased pulse pressure?
Adrenergic state Hyperthyroidism OSA Increased SV Increased compliance Age (increased systolic relative to DBP because of decreased aortic compliance)
