Embryology

Question 1

What does the neural tube become?

Answer 1

Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 2

What does the mesencephalon (midbrain) develop into?

Answer 2

Tectum, Tegmentum, Cerebral Peduncles

Question 3

Where is the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus?

Answer 3

Midbrain!

Question 4

What does alar plate and basal plate become?

Answer 4

Alar = sensory = dorsal root
Basal = motor = ventral root

Question 5

What is a positive babinski and when should it end?

Answer 5

Extending toes when you run a stick along bottom of foot.

During 1-2nd year of life.

Question 6

What does the Neural canal form?

Answer 6

Ventricular system (ventricles of brac & central canal of spinal cord)

Question 7

What does the neural crest form?

Answer 7

PNS + many non-neural derivatives & dorsal root ganglia = primary sensory neurons
-All sensory ganglia, schwann cells, enteric nerves, satellite cells

Question 8

What does the neural plate become?

Answer 8

Neural plate -> neural folds -> neural groove -> neural crest & neural tube (becomes alar and basal plate)

Question 9

What ventricle is associated with each secondary vesicle (development)?

Answer 9

Telencephalon - Lateral ventricle
Diencephalon - Third ventricle
Mesencephalon - Cerebral aquaduct
Metencephalon - Fourth ventricle
Myelenecephalon - Fourth ventricle

Question 10

What causes syringomyelia?

Answer 10

Tubular cavitation of spinal cord (usually cervical or in upper thoracic region)

• Involves fibers crossing in ventral white commissure and eventually ventral horns and corticospinal tracts
• Initial signs = loss of pain & temp over shoulders and down arms due to damage of the fibers crossing in the ventral white commissure
• Often associated with Chiari type I malformation

Question 11

What can alcohol effect during each trimester?

Answer 11

1st - cell migration & organization
2nd - definitive FAS traits
3rd - hippocampus, problems with encoding auditory and visual information (math and reading)