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Embryo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endoderm

A

-epithelial lining and glands of GI tract

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2
Q

During ____ _____, endoderm from the _____ portion of the _____ ____ is incorporated into the embryo= forms the innermost lining of the gut tube.

A

body folding
dorsal portion
yolk sac

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3
Q

Gut Tube

A

-epithelial lining and glands of GI tract

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4
Q

Splanchnic Mesoderm

A
  • smooth m and connective tissue of GI tract

- -includes mesenteries

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5
Q

Peritoneum

A

-serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal) and organs (visceral)

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6
Q

Mesentery

A

-double layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from the body wall (can contain CT, blood vessels, lymphatics, nn)

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7
Q

Mesogastrium

A

-lesser omentum= hepatogastric (liver to stomach) and hepatoduodenal (liver to duodenum) ligaments

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8
Q

Ectoderm contribution of GI Tract

A

-neural crest

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9
Q

Neural crest cells migrate into walls of the GI tract to form the ___ ___ ___.

A
  • enteric nervous system

- -neuroectoderm

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10
Q

-
-

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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11
Q

Arterial Supply to Pharynx

A

pharyngeal arch aa

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12
Q

Arterial Supply to Foregut

A

celiac trunk a

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13
Q

Arterial Supply to Midgut

A

superior mesenteric a (SMA)

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14
Q

Arterial Supply to Hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric a (IMA)

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15
Q

Foregut Derivatives:

  • P___
  • L___
  • E___
  • S___
  • D___
  • A___
A 
pharynx
lower respiratory system
esophagus
stomach
duodenum (prox 1/2)
associated organs (liver, gall bladder, biliary system, pancreas)
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16
Q

______ develops as the portion of the _____ immediately caudal to the pharynx.

A

Esophagus

Foregut

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17
Q

WEEK ___:

-_______ _______ appears on ventral side of foregut –will become the trachea, respiratory tree, and lungs)

A

4

respiratory diverticulum

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18
Q

_______ ______ grows in from the lateral sides of the foregut, dividing the foregut into the lower respiratory tract (ventrally) and esophagus (dorsally)

A

Tracheoesophageal Septum

WK 5= trachea splits to form lungs

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19
Q

______: the abnormal narrowing of lumen/orifice (tubular organ or structure)

A

Stenosis

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20
Q

_____: the condition in which a body lumen or orifice is abnormally closed or absent

A

Atresia

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21
Q

____: an abnormal passageway btw two organs/vessels or btw an organ and the external environment

A

Fistula

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22
Q

Risk of Polyhydramnios:

A

esophageal atresia
tracheoesophageal fistula

–too much amniotic fluid in amniotic cavity= needs to be swallowed for proper gut development

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23
Q

WEEK ___:

  • a portion of foregut caudal to esophagus begins to dilate uniformly
  • as stomach enlarges, its ____ side expands faster than the other sides and will become the ____ ____
  • _____ face of stomach will become the ____ ____
A 
4
dorsal
greater curvature
ventral
lesser curvatures
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24
Q

Stomach undergoes ___ ____ ____ (if looking from superior view)

A

90 degree clockwise rotation= quarter turn to right

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25
Ventral side (lesser curvature) ends up on the ____
right
26
Dorsal side ends up on the ____
left
27
Right _____ n. now supplies _____ stomach.
vagus n | dorsal
28
Left ____ n. now supplies _____ stomach.
vagus n | ventral
29
_____ _____ _____: _____ of mainly the circular layer of smooth m narrows the _____ lumen, preventing the passage of stomach contents =distended stomach =projectile vomitint
Hypertrophic Pyloric Sternosis - hypertrophy - pyloric
30
As stomach rotates, the ____ _____ is carried to the left. This enlarges the _____ ____ (lesser sac of peritoneum) into a sizable recess btw the stomach and posterior abdominal wall.
dorsal mesogastrium | omental bursa
31
``` Omental Bursa ( __ months) -______ carried to the left with ____ _____ ```
2 months - spleen - dorsal mesogastrium --recess to allow for fluid movement of stomach
32
_______ forms as a C shaped loop distal to the stomach
Duodenum
33
______: proximal 1/2 is in _____ and is supplied by the ____ _____
Duodenum foregut celiac trunk
34
______: distal 1/2 is in ______ and is supplied by the ___
Duodenum midgut SMA
35
______ _____ _____: foregut-midgut split just to pening for pancreatic and common bile ducts
major duodenal papilla
36
Duodenum and Pancreas become _______
retroperitoneal
37
As stomach rotates, duodenum twists w/ it in a CW direction. The _____ duodenum and pancreas become pressed against ____ ____ ____ (secondarily retroperitoneal). Their dorsal _____ fuse w/ parietal _____ and are lost.
distal posterior abdominal wall mesenteries peritoneum
38
Duodenal Stenosis and Atresia: Failure of lumen to recanalize by end of week ___. Vomitus contains bile (green stained) if obstruction is distal to _____ ____ _____.
8 | major duodenal papilla
39
______ ______ emerges ventrally from endoderm of distal foregut (wk __), grows superiorly toward septum transversum and gives rise to ____, ___ ___, and ____ ____.
``` Hepatic diverticulum 4 liver gall bladder bile ducts ```
40
The liver, gall bladder, biliary tree, and pancreas all develop as ______ _______ from the _____ _____.
endodermal diverticula | distal foregut
41
Pancreas emerges from the ____ ____ as 2 _______ buds: ____ bud and ___ bud
distal foregut endodermal dorsal ventral
42
As ______ rotates, _____ bud swings w/ it in CW direction until aligning and fusing w/ _____ bud.
duodenum ventral dorsal
43
Ventral bud becomes ____ ____ + ____ ___ __ ____ of pancreas.
uncinate process | inferior portion of head
44
___ ____ ___= distal portion of dorsal bud duct + ventral bud duct
main pancreatic duct
45
____ _____ ____ = proximal dorsal bud duct
accessory pancreatic duct
46
______ _____: ventral bud develops in 2 portions that usually fuse prior to rotation. If they fail to fuse, each portion may wrap oppositely around the duodenum and fuse w/ the other. forming an obstructive ring.
Annular Pancreas
47
``` Midgut Derivatives: Cranial Limb- -D___ -J___ -I___ ``` Caudal Limb - I___ - C/A___ - A___ - T___
``` distal 1/2 duodenum (just after major duodenal papilla) jejunum ileum (proximal and distal) cecum and appendix ascending colon proximal 2/3 transverse colon ```
48
______ ____ is the connection btw midgut and yolk and sac | -temporary
vitelline duct
49
_____ ______ ______ (WK __-__): | -insufficient room in the abdominal cavity to temporary herniation of midgut loop into the proximal umbilical cord
Physiological Umbilical Herniation | WK 6-10
50
______ ______: - persisting umbilical herniation - viscera covered by amnion and WITHIN proximal umbilical cord
Congenital Omphalocoele
51
_______: - hernia is through the body wall and does not involve umbilical cord - exposure to amniotic fluid can damage viscera
Gastrochisis
52
1st Midgut Rotation: WK __: ___ degree _____ rotation (when viewed anteriorly) -_____ is axis of rotation
6 90 CCW SMA
53
2nd Midgut Rotation: WK __: -as intestines return to abdomen ____ degree ____ rotation brings intestines to normal position
10 180 CCW
54
Midgut and Hindgut Assume Definitive Positions: - ascending and descending colon become _____ _____ - their dorsal mesenteries are lost after fusing w/ the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
secondarily retroperitoneal
55
Intraperitoneal: - D___ - J/I___ - T___ - S___
duodenum (proximal) jejunum, ileum transverse colon sigmoid colon
56
Retroperitoneal: - D___ - P___ - A___ - D___ - K___
``` duodenum (distal) pancreas ascending colon descending colon kidney (primary retroperitoneal) ```
57
Nonrotation: | -caudal limb returns first and occupies the left side of abdominal cavity, resulting in a ___-____ ____
left-sided colon
58
Normal 1st midgut: | -rotation of ___ degrees ___ w/in _____ ____
90 CCW umbilical cord
59
Reversed 2nd midgut: | -rotation of ____ degrees ___ as _____ return
180 CW intestines
60
Result of Reversed Rotation of Midgut: - net rotation is _____ degrees ____ - midgut and hindgut in normal positions except ______ is central to TVC (doesn't become retroperitoneal)
90 CW duodenum
61
______: abnormal rotation may cause intestinal loop twist around mesenteric attachment site -can result in bowl obstruction/compromised blood flow leading to stenosis/atresia/ischemia/necrosis
volvulus
62
Intestines become temporarily occluded by epithelial cells at wk ___ -should recanalize by the end of wk __
6 | 8
63
______ (______) ______: -remnant of the _____ (omphaloenteric) duct persists as a finger like outpounching of the ileum ~~40-60 cm from ileocecal junction -may contain pancreatic tissue/gastric mucosa that secretes acid, causing ulcers and bleeding
Meckel's (Ileal) Diverticulum | vitelline
64
Hindgut Derivatives: - T___ - D___ - S___ - R___ - A___
``` distal 1/3 transverse colon descending colon (derived from posterior portion of the cloaca after it is partitioned by the urorectal septum) sigmoid colon rectum superior portion of anal canal ```
65
_____ _____: grows inferiorly toward the cloacal membrane, dividing it into urogenital and anal membranes and partitioning the ___ into the ____ ____ (ventrally) and the ____ ____ (dorsally)
Urorectal Septum cloaca urogenital sinus anorectal canal
66
Arterial Supply of Anal Canal from hindgut:
superior rectal a
67
Arterial Supply of Anal Canal from proctodeum:
inferior rectal a
68
______: can result if the urorectal septum fails to completely separate the hindgut from the urogenital sinus or if the cloaca is too small
Fistulas
69
``` _______ ________ (Aganglionic Megacolon): -affects variable portions of the bowel where ____ ____ cells fail to migrate to form the ____ NS ``` -anganglionic portion constricts, bowel distends proximal to constriction, can lead to severe constipation/failure to thrive
Hirschsprung's Disease neural crest enteric
70
Gastrulation begins:
WK 3
71
Mesenteries: - Ventral Mesogastrium: - Dorsal Mesogastrium: - Mesoduodenum - Mesentery Proper: - Mesocolon:
``` Ventral= lesser omentum; falciform lig Dorsal= great omentum Proper= small intestines Colon= large intestine ```
72
Dorsal Mesogastrium --> Greater Omentum=
starts from the greater curve of the stomach to the transverse colon
73
Retroperitoneal:
behind/outside the abdominal cavity | Primarily (kidneys) vs Secondary (pancreas and duodenum)
74
Total Turn of Stomach:
CCW 270 degrees

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