Elizabethan Domestic and Foreign trouble Flashcards
RECAP:
* When was the Papal Bull sent out?
* What were the 2 acts that shaped the CofE under Elizabeth?
* How was Mary, Queen of Scots related to Elizabeth?
* Was Elizabeth the Supreme Governor or Supreme Head of the Church? Why did this matter?
- The papal bull was in 1570
- The act of Supremacy and Uniformity
- Mary was Elizabeth’s cousin.
- Supreme Governor. This left the Pope as the ‘Head’ of the church for all catholics.
When were the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity?
What did Each do?
- Act of Supremacy, May 1559:
* Elizabeth made ‘Supreme Governor’
* All Members of the clergy must swear an oath of loyalty to Elizabeth.
* Episcopal Structure kept. - Act of Uniformity, May 1559 (Passed Second):
* The Church was Protestant
* A new Book of Common Prayer was released, with moderate wording but protestant ideas
* Mass banned
* The altar was replaced with a communion table, where crosses and ornaments could be placed, to please catholics.
* Priests had to wear Catholic-style vestments, not white Protestant ones.
What did the Papal Bull do?
- Excommunicated England from the Catholic Church
- Declared Elizabeth a Heretic, commanded Catholics not to obey her.
What did Elizabeth Pass as a Response to the Papal Bull?
When?
The 1571 Treason Act:
* Made denying Elizabeth’s supremacy punishable by death.
* Made bringing the Papal Bull into England punishable by death.
* Anyone who left the coutry for over 6 months had their land confiscated, stopping people from leaving to train as missionaries etc.
What was a recusant? How were they attacked?
- A recusant refused to attend Church of England services.
- There was a fine, which was raised to £20 in 1581. This was only affordable for the very rich.
By what year were most catholics wiped out? How many were still catholics? How many were recusants?
By 1603, Most catholics were wiped out.
* 10% of the population were catholic.
* 2% of the population were still recusants.
Who was Mary, Queen of Scots?
Elizabeth’s cousin,
* Queen of Scotland 1542-48, when she moved to France.
* Queen of Scotland 1561-1567, when she abdicated due to her third marriage and 2nd husband’s murder.
* Fled to England and lived in captivity, but luxury, for 19 years.
* Executed Feb 1587 after the Babington plot.
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
What was the plan in the Northern rebellion?
The Duke of Norfolk would marry Mary and set her up as Elizabeth’s heir.
Dudley, who was keen to reduce Cecil’s power, was in on the plot. He confessed, and the plan had to be called off.
What started the Northern Rebellion?
- There were still rumours a rebellion would happen.
- Elizabeth summonned the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland to Court, as she was suspicious of them.
This actuallly pushed the Earls into rebellion, and on 9 Nov 1956, they called the people at Brancepeth castle to rebel.
What happened in the Northern Rebellion?
- 5000 rebels + the nobles held mass illegaly (in Durham Cathedral) on 14 Nov.
- By December, they had captured Barnard Castle.
- They expected to get help from the Spanish after they captured the port of Hartlepool
Why did the Northern Rebellion fail?
- The Spanish, not too keen on Mary, did not send help
- The Papal Bull had not been sent yet. Most catholics were still loyal to Elizabeth.
- The rebellion was badly co-ordinated.
- Key Northern towns (Berwick, Pontefract, York) were held by the government.
Aftermath of the Northern Rebellion
- 19 December the rebels retreat into Scotland.
- 450 rebels executed.
- Northumberland beheaded in 1572
- Norfolk not executed as Elizabeth did not want to out of family loyalty.
When was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
Who was Ridolfi?
Italian banker, lived in London.
What was the plan for the Ridolfi Plot?
- Lank 6k Spanish troops in Essex
- Prompt a rebellion of 40k men.
- Once Elizabeth is murdered, Mary marries Norfolk.
Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?
Elizabeth’s intelligence network discovered the plot.
Consequences of the Ridolfi Plot
- Mary removed from succession
- After 3 mind changes, Norfolk was reluctantly executed
- Elizabeth refused to execute Mary
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
What was the plan of the Throckmorton plot?
- The French would invade England
- Mary would be freed, and installed Queen after Eliz was assassinated
- Francis Throckmorton acted as an intermediary.
Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?
- Walsingham discovered what was happening
- Throckmorton confessed on the rack.
Consequences of the Throckmorton Plot.
- The Bond of Association was Established. anyone associated with an assasination plot against Elizabeth would not be allowed to benefit from the Queen’s death.
- Throckmorton executed in 1584
- Mary moved to Tutbury Castle, then Chartley hall in 1585. Here she was not allowed visitors and all letters were checked.
- Not enough evidence to execute Mary, though Walsingham was determined to find some…
When was the Babington Plot?
1586
What was the Babington Plot’s plan?
- Organised by French Ambassador Sir Anthony Babington
Place Mary on throne, re-establish catholicism, spanish invasion force (JUST LIKE ALL THE OTHER PLOTS, BUT EVEN MORE DESPERATE AND BASIC!)
