Elizabeth KQ6

Question 1

Who was Philip II?

Answer 1

1554, married Bloody Mary, Elizabeth’s sister, catholic’s
King of Spain in 1555
Instructed the Spanish Inquisition to stop spread of European Protestants
Ruled England from 1556-58 with Mary Tudor
Proposed to Elizabeth but was rejected so married french princess Isabella
Thought god was on his side so should prepare an armada

Question 2

War in the Netherlands (reason for armada)

Answer 2

Holland was in Spain’s empire but got there via English Channel
1566, Protestants rebelled against catholic leaders, rioted and destroyed catholic icons in churches
1567, Philip sent an army of 100,000 under the duke of alba
18,000 Dutch Protestants arrested, thousands burnt to death
Split in two in 1579, south accepted Spain, north didn’t, William of orange ruled

Question 3

War in the Netherlands (British involvement)

Answer 3

Two privy council factions, Cecil wanted to stay out of war, walsingham wanted to
Chose to provide unofficial support by supplying money and weapons
Protected the north Protestants and sent 5000 troops and 1000 cavalry
In a state of undeclared war in 1585

Question 4

Drake (reasons for armada)

Answer 4

Spanish Main was in central and South America ruled by Spain
1570s and 80s Elizabeth encouraged privateers to attack ships with gold and silver
Drake was sent on a 3 year voyage in 1577, launched surprise attacks, bringing back £200 m worth now

Question 5

Drake (reactions)

Answer 5

Elizabeth was so happy, she knighted him before he left the ship
Philip demanded him executed
When war broke out in 1585, he went to the West Indies and ransacked Spanish settlements, stealing £30k in treasure and 250 cannons

Question 6

Philip original plan

Answer 6

1586- wanted to sail an armada of ships into the channel and destroy English ships
17000 Spanish soldiers would gather at Dunkirk ready to invade
Duke of Parma would sail to Margate to travel up the Thames to London and take the city
English catholics would rebel when they landed

Question 7

What stopped Philip’s original plan

Answer 7

20th April 1587, Philip heard that Francis drake had landed a group of English warships in Cadiz and destroyed 37 Spanish ships and burned timber supplies
Delayed the armada by a year

Question 8

Change to the Spanish plan

Answer 8

Couldn’t collect the duke of Parma as no ports were deep enough
Philip ignored advice to delay it for more troops
In feb 1588 picked up duke of medina Sidonia (new admiral of the armada)
The duke didn’t think he was experienced enough, said he hated sailing and was easily seasick
In April 1588 a huge storm blew it off course

Question 9

Armada stats

Answer 9

130 galleons
8000 sailors, 10000 troops
1,900 cannons and small guns
Extensive food and drink supplies
17000 duke of Parma led soldiers waiting

Question 10

England armada preparations

Answer 10

Line of warning beacons along the south coast that would be lit if they saw them, church bells would also ring
Had a badly trained and equipped force of 20000, 1 army up north, 1 in Kent, 1 in Essex
Navy was strong, led by duke of effingham
54 battleships and 140 merchant ships

Question 11

Start of the armada

Answer 11

21st July 1588, the Spanish set sail, spotted by Cornwall on the 29th, warning beacons lit
Armada covered 11km in a crescent formation, protected store ships
Fleet pursued them for a week and destroyed only 2 ships

Question 12

Turning point of the armada

Answer 12

6th August 1588, anchored off Calais, duke of medina sidonia learnt that the duke of Parma’s men wouldn’t arrive for a week
7th August- 8 unmanned ships full of tar, gunpowder and loaded cannons were set alight “hellburners” or “fireships”
The Spanish panicked and cut the anchor ropes, leaving the crescent formation

Question 13

Biggest battle of the Spanish Armada

Answer 13

English warships attacked the Spanish at the battle of grave lines, 8 hours of fighting until the English ran out of ammunition
3 Spanish ships lost, 1000 Spanish killed and 800 wounded
English lost no ships and 80 sailors
Destroyed the plan to meet with the duke of Parma

Question 14

Armada ending

Answer 14

9th August Elizabeth delivered a rousing speech at Tilbury “I have the heart and stomach of a king… should dare to invade the borders of my realm”
9th August wind changed direction and pushed the armada to the North Sea, had to go over Scotland, English chased until 12th August

Question 15

Armada journey home

Answer 15

Spanish didn’t have accurate maps to return home
Severe storms lost them more ships than the battles
67/130 returned in October 1588, lost 20000 men versus 100 English

Question 16

Reasons for the failure of the armada

Answer 16

English had smaller and faster ships
Spanish cannons didn’t work properly
Duke of Parma was late, Medina sidonia not experienced enough
Fireships
Weather blowing them into North Sea
Spanish sailors sick from contaminated food and water

Question 17

Results of the armada

Answer 17

Great celebrations, stayed Protestant under Elizabeth
War versus Spain lasted for 10 more years
Still a risk of invasion, Philip constructed an armada of 100 ships which he sailed to England twice
Continued to attack Spanish treasure ships
Increased anti-catholic feeling in England