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GCSE Hisotry- Paper 2 > Elizabeth- Elizabeth and her government > Flashcards

Elizabeth- Elizabeth and her government Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Elizabeth coronated?

A

1559

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2
Q

What rebellion was Elizabeth accused of being part of (to overthrow Mary)? What were the consequences?

A

Wyatt rebellion- Elizabeth was held for two months in the Tower of London

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3
Q

What provoked the Wyatt rebellion? When was it?

A

Mary I’s marriage to Philip II of Spain (1554)

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4
Q

Who was court run by?

A

The Lord Chamberlain

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5
Q

What castle was the only castle that Elizabeth spent money on during her reign?

A

Windsor Castle

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6
Q

What did Elizabeth’s royal progresses enable her to do?

A
  • to be seen by her subjects
  • to display her power and riches
  • flatter any nobles who she stayed with
  • allowed Elizabeth to live lavishly at the expense of her nobles and therefore save money
  • the Royal Palaces could be cleaned before her return
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7
Q

What were the two political crisises that shaped Elizabeth from a young age?

A
  • Thomas Seymour → a flirtatious relationship that almost resulted in Elizabeth being accused of treason for attempting to overthrow Edward VI - taught her to not trust men
  • Wyatt rebellion → against Mary that wanted Elizabeth to take the throne - Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower for 2 months
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8
Q

What was the function of court?

A
  • gave an impression of power
  • propaganda to glorify Elizabeth’s image
  • strict rules in court encouraged loyalty and obedience to Elizabeth
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9
Q

What was the function of patronage?

A
  • showing favouritism to particular men for the job
  • to create intense competition and rivalries between people
  • made everyone totally loyal to her
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10
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A

A council of advisors to Elizabeth that coordinated financial departments, law courts such as the Star Chamber and regional bodies such as the Council of the North.

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11
Q

Why might Elizabeth speak against the Privy Council?

A

To create a statement of her political independence

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12
Q

How did Elizabeth create her Privy Council to function in her favour

A
  • Elizabeth’s council was a lot smaller in comparison to Mary’s (Mary’s had about 40 members while Elizabeth had around 20)
  • Elizabeth was careful to keep some of Mary’s advisors but not to appoint any strong catholics
  • Elizabeth had a range of views protestant vs catholic in her council (e.g. Puritan Francis Walshingham and slightly more sympathetic to the catholics- Christopher Hatton)
  • over time Elizabeth made her Privy Council to consist of educated, full-time, politicians largely from the gentry HOWEVER this could be argued as signs of weakness as it could encourage resentment among the nobility
  • trusting individuals greatly (e.g. William Cecil)
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13
Q

Who were some of Elizabeth’s most trusted advisors?

A
  • Sir William Cecil
  • Sir Francis Walshingham
  • Robert Dudley
  • Sir Christopher Hatton
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14
Q

What was the role of parliament under Elizabeth?

A
  • Elizabeth decided when Parliament should meet and for how long
  • Elizabeth used parliament to pass laws or to introduce new taxes
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15
Q

What’s an example of when Elizabeth used parliament to pass taxes?

A

1563- taxes approved to fund wars against France and Scotland
1601- taxes granted to pay for war against Spain and to pay for an army in Ireland

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16
Q

What methods did Elizabeth use to maintain power?

A
  • use of monopolies to reward loyalty to the queen
  • the Privy Council → trusted members, differing views etc.
  • exercising her power over the Privy Council e.g. not doing as they said
  • created few lords (at the end of her reign there were only 55 lords- therefore the House of Lords was small)
  • patronage
  • Royal Progresses
  • The Cult of Gloriana
  • able to appoint the ‘Speaker’ in parliament and could arrest troublesome MPs (e.g. Peter Wentworth in 1576 → wanted freedom of speech)
  • not marrying = maintaing her power
  • not appointing an heir- keeping her out of danger
  • censoring media
  • appointing bishops
17
Q

When were years of decline for Elizabeth? Why did this happen?

A

1590s

  • personal tragedies as her personal councillors died e.g. Dudley in 1588 and Cecil in 1598
  • new younger council members
  • country being in increased poverty with plague and repeated harvest fails
  • Essex Rebellion (1601)- organised by one of her favourites
18
Q

What did Elizabeth learn from Mary?

A

Not to marry- marriage diminished Mary’s power as a female monarch

19
Q

What’s an example of the social ideas that Elizabeth came up against (ideas against women being leaders / monarchs)?

A

The same year she ascended to the throne, Scottish protestant John Knox wrote a book diminishing female rulers. Elizabeth ruled Knox as a political enemy rather than a protestant ally.

20
Q

When was Parliament not allowed to discuss Elizabeth’s marriage ever again?

A

1566

21
Q

Who were foreign suitors that proposed to Elizabeth?

A
  • Prince Eric of Sweden
  • King Philip II of Spain
  • Charles of Austria (son of the Holy Roman Empire)
  • Duke of Alencon
22
Q

Why did Elizabeth immediately reject Philip II of Spain?

A
  • he was catholic
  • he had treated her sister poorly
  • Mary’s choice of a Spanish husband had been so unpopular that it triggered the Wyatt rebellion
23
Q

Who was the main English suitor for Elizabeth and why did this not workout?

A

Robert Dudley (many historians agree that Elizabeth genuinely loved him)

  • Childhood friends
  • Dudley was already married however
  • Dudley’s wife then mysteriously died at the bottom of a staircase
  • This all appeared too convenient and would cause a scandal if they were to marry
24
Q

What names did Elizabeth go by in rejection of marriage?

A
  • the ‘Virgin Queen’
  • married to her country
25
Q

Why and when would Elizabeth not nominate a second heir?

A
  • In 1562, Elizabeth contracted smallpox and was expected to die- and after surviving, Parliament urged her to nominate an heir or marry
  • Elizabeth denied both and said that nominating an heir would place her in danger
26
Q

Who became the obvious heir at the end of Elizabeth’s life?

A

Protestant, James I of England (James VI of Scotland)

GCSE Hisotry- Paper 2 (14 decks)

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