Elimination Flashcards
Is the entire process of excretion of metabolic waste products from the blood by the kidney and urinary tract
Elimination
FOUR FACTORS AFFECTING ELIMINATION
Age
Exercise
Diet
Medication
Initially lacks a pattern to their elimination
Infants
Night time control usually takes longer to achieve especially with?
BOYS
Is not a normal aspect of aging and should always be treated
INCONTINENCE
Adequate fluid and fiber intake are critical factor to urinary and bowel health
Diet
Inadequate fluid intake is primary cause of?
CONSTIPATION
Enhances muscle tone which leads to better bladder and sphincter controls
Exercise
Is aided by activity thus promoting healthy bowel elimination patterns
Peristalsis
Can have an impact on client’s elimination health and patterns and should be during the health history interview
Medication
Maybe facilitated voluntarily by contracting the abdominal muscles and by forceful expiration with the glottis close to increase the abdominal pressure (valsalva maneuver)
Defecation
The fecal matter may take ________ hours to pass through the entire large intestine
24 to 48 hours
Consists of unabsorbed food residue, mucus digestive secretions, water and microorganisms
FECAL MATTER
Yellow or golden brown (due to bile pigment derivative known as stercobilin)
COLOR
The stool is yellow because of the bile pigment known as?
Stercobilin
Aromatic upon defecation (due to indole and skatole, which are products of fermentation and putrefaction in the large intestine)
ODOR
The stool is aromatic because of?
Indole and skatole
Products of fermentation and putrefraction in the large intestine
Indole and skatole
Depends on the bulk of food intake
AMOUNT
THREE NORMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STOOL
COLOR
ODOR
AMOUNT
Gray, pale, clay colored stool due to biliary obstruction
ALCOHOLIC STOOL
Passage of stool with bright red blood due to (lower) GI bleeding
HEMATOCHEZIA
Passage of black tarry stool due to (upper) GI bleeding
MELENA
Greasy, bulky, foul-smelling stool, smelling stool due to hepatobiliary pancreatic abstraction/ disorders
STEATORRHEA
4 ALTERATIONS IN CHARACTERISTICS OF STOOL
•ALCOHOLIC STOOL
•HEMATOCHEZIA
•MELENA
•STEATORRHEA
Is the infrequent and difficult passage of hardened stool
CONSTIPATION
7 FACTORS THAT CAUSE CONSTIPATION
•DIET
•DEHYDRATION
•DIVERTICULAR DISEASE (chronic diverticula)
•NEUROPATHIC CONDITIONS
•STROKE AND SPINAL DISORDERS
•FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS
•MULTIPLE MEDICATIONS
Causes drying of the stool as water and sodium are absorbed from the bowel
Dehydration
A common problems in older adults also reduces colonic transit for their increasing the risk constipation
Diverticular disease
Promotes constipation by a diminishing the efficiency of gastric motility
NEUROPATHIC CONDITIONS
This problems or spinal stenosis
STROKE AND SPINAL DISORDERS
Abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening
Stenosis
Contribute to constipation by reducing mobility weakening the abdominal muscle and diminishing muscles of the colon and rectum
Stenosis
Particularly impaired mobility predispose older clients to constipation; they received a diminished desire to defecate and have prolonged colonic transit time
Functional limitation
Particularly narcotics, sedatives, anticholinergenics, antidepressants, antiparkingsonian drugs, and iron also contributes to constipation
MULTIPLE MEDICATIONS
Is the passage of fluid feces and increased frequency of defecation
DIARRHEA
5 CAUSES OF DIARRHEA
Infectious agent
Malabsorption
Medication
Enteral feeding
Misuse of laxatives and enemas
Occurs when overgrowth of pathogen produces osmotic diarrhea via toxins or reduced absorptive ability due to mucusal damage
INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA
Produce diarrhea when non absorbed substances in the diet create an osmotic imbalance and liquification of the stool
Ex. Is lactose intolerance
MALABSORPTION
Describe the passage of a solvent from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
May cause diarrhea as a side effect
Medication
Contains a relatively high osmolality that frequently predispose the client to diarrhea
Enteral feeding
