Elif Flashcards
For which of the following formalin fixation is not required?
a) oil red staining
b) routine light microscopic examination
c) electron microscopy study
d) frozen
e) immunofluorescence study
b) routine light microscopic examination
Which of the following is not a tissue macrophage?
a) Langerhans cell
b) osteoclast
c) microglia
d) kuppfer cell
e) monocyte
e) monocyte
Which of the following does not occur during cell damage with the effect of calcium entering the intracellular space?
a) Phospholipase activation
b) Decreased amount of ATP
c) Failure of the calcium pump
d) Endonuclease activation
e) Protease activation
b) Decreased amount of ATP
A 30-year-old female patient presented with a 4-day history of fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. On physical examination, fever is measured at 39c. The right pleural effusion is detected in the lung and the fluid is obtained by thoracentesis. It is observed that the obtained fluid has a fuzzy appearance and contains % 98 neutrophils. Which one of the following term best describes the current inflammation?
a) Serous inflammation
b) Chronic inflammation
c) Suppurative inflammation
d) Gangrenous inflammation
e) Granulomatous inflammation.
c) Suppurative inflammation
Which one of the following mediator is the intermediate mediator that connects the coagulation cascade to the complement system?
a) Factor X
b) Tissue factor
c) Plasmin
d) Trombin
e) Bradikinin
c) Plasmin
Which one of the following cell death pattern, defined as the mode of death of inflammatory cells and expressed as a programmed cell death?
a) Heterophagy
b) Apoptosis
c) NeTosis
d) Pyroptosis
e) Necroptosis
e) Necroptosis
Which one of the following change is associated with the enzymes that are the members of the serine proteases and are called “Caspases” in the cell?
a) Lipofuscin
b) Apoptosis
c) Mallory Hyalen
d) Russel Body
e) Psammoma body
b) Apoptosis
During leukocyte chemotaxis, which is the loosely bound leukocyte receptor?
a) Sialy Lewis X
b) LFA
c) VLA4
d) P selectin
e) PECAM
a) Sialy Lewis X
A 65-year-old male patient with intermittent gastric complaints for 15 years is admitted to the doctor with complaints of vomiting and diarrhea that persist for 2 days. The patient says that he had bright red blood in the content of vomit and stool. How is this expressed medically?
a) hemoptysis- hematochezia
b) melana- hematemesis
c) hematemesis- melana
d) hematemesis- hematochezia
e) hemoptysis- melena
d) hematemesis- hematochezia
All of the following areas can be encountered as dystrophic calcification, except?
a) Fat necrosis
b) Damage to the heart valves
C) Hyperparathyroidism
d) Atherosclerosis
e) Tuberculosis granuloma
C) Hyperparathyroidism
Which one of the following mechanisms do not cause a volume growth in tissue?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Hyperplasia
c) Metaplasia
d) Neoplasia
e) Inflammation
c) Metaplasia
Mark the wrong match?
a) PAS-glikogen
b) Sudan black -oil
C) Masson Trichome (MTC)-collagen
d) Kongo red-amiloid
e) Rodamin -iron
e) Rodamin -iron
Which of the following is not a cytological sampling method?
a) fine needle aspiration
b) punction
C) excision
d) smear
e) brushing biopsy
C) excision
Mark the wrong match?
a) CD4-T helper
b) CD3-Thelper
C) CD8 T supressor
d) CD3-T sitotoxic
e) CD20-B cell
C) CD8 T supressor
All of the following pairings are correct, except?
a) Na-K pump failure……. cell swelling
b) Decrease of pH… chromatin aggregation
C) Formation of buds in the membrane… Increase in cytoplasmic Ca
d) membrane permeability increase… membrane degradation products membrane placement to.
e) membrane damage….. release of lysosomal enzymes
C) Formation of buds in the membrane… Increase in cytoplasmic Ca
Which pigment is stained with Prussian blue
a) Lipofuscin
b) Anthracosis
C) Melanin
d) Silica
e) Hemosiderin
e) Hemosiderin
color change in inflammation…………..
a) calor
b) rubor
c) Loss of function
d) dolor
e) tumor
b) rubor
In the endocervix biopsy sample of a twntysix-year old female patient, squamous epithelial morphology was observed in surface epithelium and in the epithels of glands under the epithel. In region of surface epitehelium, hyperchromasia, cohesion loss and pleomorphism were observed in epithelial cells extending to the upper half of epithelium. Which of the following describes this situation?
a) Hyperplasia- dysplasia-H-SIL
b) Dysplasia- metaplasia-L-SIL
c) Dysplasia- metaplasia- H-SIL
d) Hyperplasia- dysplasia-L-SIL
e) Metaplasia-dysplasia- H-SIL
e) Metaplasia-dysplasia- H-SIL
Which one of the following is an adaptation by the pathological pathway through the increase of cellular protein?
a) Formation of the remaining tissue in the donor after liver transplantation
b) An increase in the hematopoietic cells as a result of blood loss
C) Growth of the breast tissue during lactation
d) Thickening of the left heart muscle due to hypertension
e) Irregular bleeding due to endometrial wall thickness
d) Thickening of the left heart muscle due to hypertension
Which of the following is not a component of the extracellular matrix?
a) Basal membrane
b) Epithelium
c) Mucopolysaccharides
d) Elastin
e) Collagen
b) Epithelium
What is the first change that seen in a hypoxic cell?
a) budding in cell membrane
b) Coarsening of the chromatin
C) Separation of ribosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum
d) Decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis
e) Decreased ribosomal protein synthesis
d) Decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis
Which is the type of necrosis in vasculitis?
a) fat necrosis
b) gangrenous necrosis
C) coagulation necrosis
d) liquefaction necrosis
e) fibrinoid necrosis
e) fibrinoid necrosis
Which one of the following wound repair step/mechanism is defective in the keloid pathogenesis?
a) Fibroblastic migration- Angiogenesis
b) Extracellular matrix storage- Angiogenesis
C) Angiogenesis- Remodelling
d) Remodelling- Fibroblastic proliferation
e) Fibroblastic proliferation- Extracellular matrix storage
d) Remodelling- Fibroblastic proliferation
Which of the following is not a factor that affect wound healing badly?
a) immobilization
b) Vitamin C deficiency
c) foreign body
d) Infection at the wound site
e) perfusion disorder
a) immobilization
What is the correct order of leukocyte movements in inflammation?
a) adhesion - margination-migration-diapedesis-rolling
b) diapedesis- adhesion-migration -rolling- margination
C) margination-rolling-adhesion-diapedesis-migration
d) migration-rolling-adhesion-diapedesis-migration
e) rolling-diapedesis-migration -adhesion-margination
d) migration-rolling-adhesion-diapedesis-migration
A 21-year-old woman has a routine Pap smear performed for a health screening examination. The pathology report indicates that some cells are found cytologically to have larger, more irregular nuclei. A follow-up cervical biopsy microscopically demonstrates disordered maturation of the squamous epithelium, with hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei extending nearly the full thickness of the epithelial surface. No inflammatory cells are present. Which of the following descriptive terms is best applied to these Pap smear and biopsy findings?
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Hyperplasia
E) Aplasia
A) Dysplasia
Which one of the following is the massive profuse discharge of blood occuring as a result of the intemal bleeding within the tissue?
A) Petechiae
B) Hematoma
C) Effusion
D) Purpura
E) Hemorrhage
B) Hematoma
A 75 year old male patient , with hypertension for 25 years, has also received heart failure treatment. Edema is observed in the patient, especially in the lower extremites at all hours of the day and night. Which of the following is the pathophysiological reason of the observed edema
hydrostatic pressure increase
A 34 year old male patient with left femoral shaft fracture resulting from a car accident was taken to hospital. After the emergency medical intervention on the third day in the orthopedics the patient was taken to the intensive care unit due to dyspnea and mental confusion. Which one of the following complications possibly appeared in the patient..
oil embolism
oil embolism
How frozen tissue samples should be sent to pathology laboratory for examination
without fixation solution
which of the following biochemical anomaly is determined in Glanzmann syndrome
prololnged bleeding time
prololnged bleeding time
which one of the following shock type caused by the loss of tonus in the vessels
neurogenic shock
neurogenic shock
which one of the following endothelial receptor plays role in the Rolling step of leukocytes during the acute inflammatory process
P selectin
which one of the following factor is the most effective agent for collecting pericytes around the primitive vascular structurding the angiogenesis.. angiotensin 1
angiotensin 1
which one of the following type of the necrosis occurs by denaturation of structural proteins and enzymes, where cell boundaries can be selected in HE section
coagulative necrosis
coagulative necrosis
what is the name of nuclear shrinkage and dark staining that is seen in the necrotic and apoptotic cells..
pyknosis
pyknosis
In the absence of Sialyl-Lewis X, defectice leukocyte Rolling occurs. The clinical problem in this condition is recurrent bacterial infections, mental retardation and short stature due to inadequate granulocyte function. Which one of the following disorder defines this
leukocytes adhesion defect type 2
leukocytes adhesion defect type 2
while in a home improvement center warehouse buying paint, a 35 year old man hears ‘ook out below’ and is then struck on the leg by a falling pallet rack, which strikes him on his left leg in the region of his thigh, the skin ia not broken. Within 2 days there is a 5x7 cm purple colour to the site of injury. Which of the following substances has most likely accumulated at the site of injury to produce a yellow-brown colour at the site of injury 16 days later….
Hemosiderin
Hemosiderin
a 21 year old man has a routine pap smear performed for a health screening examination. The pathology report indicates that some cells are found cytological yo have larger , more irregular nuclei. A follow up cervical biopsy microscopically demonstrates disordered maturation of the squamous epithelium, with hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei extending nearly the full thickness of the epithelial surface. No inflamatory cells are present. Which of the following descriptive terms is the best applied to these pap smear and biopsy findings….
dysplasia
dysplasia
which one of the following can be given as pathological example of cellular number and size reduction because of the loss of cell content…
reduction of lower extremity muscles as a result of the disappearance of nerve stimulation
reduction of lower extremity muscles as a result of the disappearance of nerve stimulation
