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(SLU) PHARMA 113: Chem Lec > ELEMENTS (Titanium and so on) > Flashcards

ELEMENTS (Titanium and so on) Flashcards

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1
Q

Group IVB: _____________

A

Titanium subgroup

Ti, Zr, Hf

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2
Q
  • son of the earth
  • Very powerful reducing agent
  • Use: blocking agent (//transparent capsule →
    opaque)
A

titanium (Ti)

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3
Q
  • Solar ray protective
  • Used in contact lenses
A

titanium oxide

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4
Q
  • Use is similar to aluminum (but already banned)
  • Deodorant and antiperspirant properties
A

Zirconium (Zr)

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5
Q

Group VA: ____________

A

Nitrogen family

N, P, As, Sb, Bi

N, P – nonmetals
As – metalloid
Sb, Bi – metals

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6
Q
  • _________ (without life), Phlogisticated air, Mephitic
    air
  • Colorless, tasteless, odorless, inert gas
  • Provides inert atmosphere for readily oxidizable pharmaceuticals
A

Azote

Nitrogen (N)

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7
Q
  • “light carrier”, “St. Elmo’s fire”
  • (+) essential constituent of protoplasm, nervous tissues & bones

_____________:
- Of physiologic & medicinal importance
- antacid, cathartic

A

phosphates

Phosphorus (P)

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8
Q

3 main allotropic forms of Phosphorous

A
  1. white/yellow impure P
  2. red/violet P
  3. black P
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9
Q
  • Waxy solid (organic solvents SOLUBLE)
  • light: darkens
  • Air (in the dark): emits greenish light and gives off white fumes with garlic odor
  • Toxic: rat poison
A

white/yellow impure P

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10
Q
  • Intermediate property of black and white P (organic solvents INSOLUBLE)
  • Less chemical active compared to white P
  • Non-toxic (used in safety matches, pyrotechnics)
A

red/violet P

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11
Q

-Resembles graphite in texture

  • Produced from white P under high pressures
  • Air-stable; does not catch fire spontaneously
A

black P

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12
Q
  • Lewisite metal
  • Agent of choice for professional killers
  • Protoplasmic poison (poisonous to all tissues)

Antidote:
- freshly prepared mixture of
_________ and administered PO

  • Still in GIT: _________ if already absorbed
A

Iron (III)

Dimercaprol IM

ARSENIC (As)

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13
Q

5 arsenicals

A
  1. Arsphenamine, Salvarsan, Compound 606, Magic bullet
  2. paris green
  3. scheele’s green
  4. Potassium arsenite solution (KAsO2; Fowler’s solution)
  5. Arsenic (III) iodide solution (Donovan’s solution)
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14
Q
  • First anti-syphilis
  • Discovered by Paul Ehrlich –
    Father of Chemotherapy
A

Arsphenamine, Salvarsan, Compound 606, Magic bullet

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15
Q

Rodenticide, insecticide, pigment, blue colorant for fireworks

A

Paris Green

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16
Q

Cupric hydrogen arsenite

A

Scheele’s green

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17
Q

Former antileukemic

A

Potassium arsenite solution (KAsO2; Fowler’s solution)

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18
Q

For trypanosome infection, malaria, TB, RA, diabetes (before)

A

Arsenic (III) iodide solution (Donovan’s solution)

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19
Q
  • ____________

Most important source:
* _____________ – red-orange

Use: astringent, antiperspirant
* Anthelmintic – kills and expels intestinal worms (vs. ________ → only expels worms)

  • Emetic, expectorant
A

stibium

Antimony glance

Vermifuge

ANTIMONY (Sb)

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20
Q

bismuth (Bi)

3 meds

A

A. Helidac® MTB

  1. Metronidazole (Flagyl ®) (PTAG)
    - Pseudomembranous colitis
    - Trichiasis
    - Amoebiasis
    - Giardiasis
  2. Tetracycline (ChRIM)
    - Chlamydia
    - Ricketssia
    - Mycoplasma
  3. Bi SUBSALICYLATE
    * Prevpac (LAC)
    - Lansoprazole
    - Amoxicillin
    - Clarithromycin
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21
Q
  • Beautiful meadow
  • Soluble salts are toxic, antidote: BAL

Pcol Use:
* Astringent
* Antiseptic
* Internal protectant (antacid + inhibit ______________ → caused gastric ulcer)

A

Helicobacter pylori

Bismuth (Bi)

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22
Q

GROUP VB: _____________

A

Vanadium Group

V, Nb, Ta

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23
Q

_________: Used in sheet form for surgical repair of bones- Does not affect tissues

A

tantalum

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24
Q

GROUP VIA: _______________

A

Oxygen Family/Sulfur Family

CHALCOGENS: O, S, Se, Te, Po

25
Q

_________, _________, __________, of alkali and alkaline earth metals are water soluble but the corresponding salts of the other metals are highly water insoluble

A

Sulfides, selenides, tellurides

26
Q
  • Dephlogisticated air, empyreal air
  • Most abundant and most essential element
  • Required in conditions with hypoxia (anoxia, anemia, histotoxic conditions)
  • Reacts will all elements except __________
  • Ozonized air

3 allotropes
* ___________
* ___________
* ___________ – powerful oxidizing agent → bleach, disinfectant

A

Au, Ag, Cu

Nascent (O)
Atmospheric/Molecular (O2)
Ozone (O3)

Oxygen

27
Q
  • Brimstone, _______ (enemy of
    Cu), Asupre

2 forms
* __________ – smaller particles being more reactive
* Sublimed form

Uses:
* Scabicide and keratolytic
ointments/lotions
* Saline cathartic
* Fumigant
* Depilatory (as __________)
* Antiseborrheic
* Antidote to cyanide poisoning (_____________)

A

Shulbari

Precipitated

thioglycolate

sodium thiosulfate

SULFUR (S)

28
Q

6 sulfur varieties

A
  1. Amorphous S
  2. Liquid S
  3. Plastic S
  4. Precipitated S (milk of sulfur, lack sulfur)
  5. Sublimed S (flowers of sulfur)
  6. Washed S
29
Q
  • Heating S at 160-180℃
  • Rubber-like
A

liquid S

plastic S

30
Q
  • Boiling sulfur with lime and precipitated filtered solution with HCl
  • Very fine pale-yellow powder, odorless, tasteless
  • CS2 solubility: readily dissolves
  • Sulfur ointment (10% sulfur)
    Precipitated sulfur + mineral oil + white ointment
A

Precipitated S (milk of sulfur, lack sulfur)

31
Q

-Fine yellow powder with faint odor and taste
-CS2 solubility: slowly and usu. Incompletely soluble

-Sulfurated lime (Vleminck’s solution)
Sublimed sulfur + lime (boiled)

A

Sublimed S (flowers of sulfur)

32
Q
  • Treating sublimed S with NH3 (to dissolve impurities, particularly As and to remove traces of acid)
  • Characteristics similar to sublimed S
A

washed S

33
Q

_____________ (USP)
* Sulfurated potash + ZnSO4 → ZnS (active)

  • Topical and antifungal: astringent, protective, mild antimicrobial and antifungal (tx of skin parasitic diseases, psoriasis, scabicide)
A

White lotion

34
Q
  • Selena (moon)
  • Important trace element
  • Synergistic with Vitanin E
  • Major use: antioxidant
  • Industrial use: RUBBER
A

Selenium (Se)

35
Q
  • First radioactive element discovered by Curie
A

Polonium (Po)

36
Q

GROUP VIB: ________________

A

Cr, Mo, W, Uranium

37
Q
  • Essential trace element (Cr3+)
  • Found in sugar and butter
  • Deficiency
  • DM like symptoms
  • Glucose tolerance factor
    — Polydipsia
    — Polyuria
    — polyphagia
A

Chromium

38
Q
  • Discoverer: Becquerel
  • Radioactive element → atomic reactors/bombs
A

Uranium (U)

39
Q
  • Trace element
  • Cofactor for Flavin dependent enzymes
  • Xanthine oxidase
  • For bacterial fixation of atmospheric N2
A

Molybdenum

40
Q

GROUP VIIA:

A

HALOGENS

F, Cl, Br, I, At

41
Q
  • Most electronegative element
  • Super halogen (__________)
  • Strongest _________ agent
  • Suppressive effect on thyroid (particularly when I2 is deficient)

Anticarcinogenic (Also: rodenticide, insecticide)

A

Linus Pauling

oxidizing

Fluorine (F)

42
Q
  • Sodium fluoride (NaF)
  • Stannous fluoride (SnF2)
A

2%, 4 applications

8%, 1 application

43
Q
  • Dark, reddish brown fuming liquid with suffocating odor
  • Powerful caustic and germicide; sedative depressant (all bormides!)

TOXICITY:
- Brominism
- Skin eruptions, psychosis, weakness

ANTIDOTE:
- NaCl or NH4Cl

A

Bromine (Br2)

44
Q
  • Most metallic of the group except for Astatine

Use:
* Expectorant
* Anti-microbial properties
* Present in the thyroid gland (hormones)

A

Iodine

45
Q

Iodine Preparations:

  1. Iodine Solution
  2. Iodine tincture
  3. Strong Iodine (Lugol’s solution)
  4. Phenolated iodine/Boulton’s solution
  5. Iodophors
A
  1. 2% I2 in water + NaI
  2. 2% I2 solution + 50% alcohol + NaI
  3. 5% I2 in water + KI
  4. Antibacterial, irritant
  5. I2 complexed with organic complexing agent as solubilizer

Povidone Iodine (Betadine®)
Advantages
- Slow release of I2, stability, reduced irritation, oral toxicity

Disadvantages
- staining, idiosyncratic reaction

46
Q

GROUP VIIB: ___________

A

MANGANESE SUBGROUP

Mn, Tc, Re, Bh

47
Q
  • Most important _________
  • Trace element:
  • Cofactor in phosphorylation and protein, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (biomolecule)
A

(MnO4)

Manganese (Mn)

48
Q
  • Technetos (artificial)
  • Eka manganese
  • 1st element produced artificially (from decay Mo99)

Use:
* radiopharmaceuticals

A

Technetium (Tc)

49
Q

GROUP VIIIA: ______________

A

INERT/NOBLE/STABLE GAS

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

50
Q
  • 2nd lightest gas
  • Used in balloons
  • Donald duck sound when
    swallowed

Artificial air:
* 80% He + 20% O2

A

Helium

51
Q
  • Used in advertising
A

Neon

52
Q
  • Most abundant noble gas
  • Used as a substitute for Nitrogen gas as an inert atmosphere for pharmaceuticals
A

Argon

53
Q
  • Least abundant noble gas
A

Krypton

54
Q

GROUP VIIIB: ___________

  • 1st Triad: ______, ______, ______ – Iron elements (Valence: +2, +3)
  • 2nd / Light Triad: _____, _____, _____
  • 3rd / Heavy triad: _____, _____, _____
A

Fe, Co, Ni

Rh, Ru, Pd

Os, Ir, Pt

IRON TRIAD

55
Q
  • Ferrum (Fe2+ = Physiologic)
  • Most important element in engineering

Common ores:
* ___________ ()
* ___________ ()
* ___________ ()

ANTIDOTE:
* ___________

(+) Proteins
* __________: Fe in blood - specifically in heme which provides reddish coloration

  • __________: transport forms of Fe in the body
  • __________: storage form of Fe in the body
  • Cytochrome oxidase
  • “Old Nick’s Copper”
  • Found in fossil fuel combustion
  • (+) fancy jewelries
A

Common Ores:
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Pyrite/ “fool’s gold” (native FeS2)
Iron stone (FeCo3)

Antidote: Deferoxamine

+ Proteins:
Hemoglobin
Transferrin
Ferritin

56
Q
  • Essential in the development of RBC and Hgb
  • Metal in Vit. B12
  • Anhydrous salts are _____ while hydrated salts are ______
  • Cobaltous chloride (CoCl2)
  • “Lover’s ink, Sympathetic Ink”
  • Indicator in silica gel beads
A

blue
pink

Cobalt

57
Q
  • Heaviest/densest metal
  • ___________ & _____________
  • Staining of specimens for electron microscopy
A

Osmium tetroxide, osmic acid

Osmium (Os)

58
Q
  • Noble Metal (low oxidation and reactivity)
  • Cisplatin (______________)
  • For prostate cance
A

cis diaminedichloroplatinum

Platinum

(SLU) PHARMA 113: Chem Lec (10 decks)

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