ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Flashcards
- Inflammable air
- Lightest element (1g/mol)
- Usually in combination with other elements
- Prep: ______ & _______ Process (99% pure H2O)
Industrial uses
* ________ → production of ammonia
- ________ → production of margarine
Lane & Messerschmidt
Haber process
Oil hydrogenation
HYDROGEN (H2)
- ______ (earth, rock)
- Lightest metal
Use:
* Mood stabilizer (sedative); DOC for Mania (S/E: narrow TI)
- Diuretic (S/E: hypovolemia, hyponatremia)
- Li2CO3 capsules – ________
- Li2CO3 tablets – ________
- DOC for ________ (di binigay)
- Li2CO3 extended-release tablet – __________
Lithos - earth, rock
- Li2CO3 capsules – Eskalith®
- Li2CO3 tablets – Lithase®
- DOC for ________
- Li2CO3 extended-release tablet – Quilonium®
LITHIUM (Li)
- Natrium (native)
- Cation of choice for organic material
- Most abundant _____
- Most abundant of the group IA metals
cation
SODIUM (Na)
6 Important Compounds of Sodium
Sodium acetate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chloride
Sodium citrate
Sodium hydroxide
✓Diuretic
✓Urinary and systemic alkalizer
✓Antacid
sodium acetate
✓Aka: baking soda
✓Systemic antacid
✓Carbonating agent
S/E:
✓Systemic alkalosis
✓Rebound hyperacidity
✓Edema
sodium bicarbonate
- Antacid
- Source of carbonate ion
- Carbonating agent
sodium carbonate
✓Aka: rock salt, table salt, soler salt
Use:
1. Electrolyte Replenisher: (NSS, Ringer’s soln)
2. Tonicity adjusting agent
3. Condiments
4. Preservative
sodium chloride
Use:
1. Alkalizer
2. Buffer
3. Diuretic
4. Expectorant
5. Shorten the coagulation time
Sodium citrate
(Na3C6H5O7)
✓Aka:
1. Caustic soda
2. Sosa
3. Lye
✓Use: Saponifying agent (_____ soap)
hard soap
Sodium hydroxide
Aka: fleet enema
Uses:
1. cathartic
2. Source of P or phosphate
Na Dihydrogen phosphate / Monobasic hydrogen phosphate/ NaH2PO4
- Water soluble antioxidant
- Reducing agent
Sodium metabisulfite
Use: Anticariogenic (2% solution)
Sodium fluoride
Use: Reducing agent
Sodium phosphite
Aka: Dakin’s solution, chlorox
Use:
- Oxidizing agent
- Disinfectant
- Bleaching agent
Sodium hypochlorite
Use:
- Expectorant
- Antifungal
- Iodine solubilizer
Sodium iodide
Use:
- Antacid
- Diuretic
Sodium lactate
Use:
- Vasodilator
- Meat preservation
- Treatment in cyanide poisoning
Sodium nitrite
Aka: chile salt peter
Use: Meat preservative
Sodium nitrate
Aka: Glauber’s salt
Use: Cathartic
Sodium sulfate
Use: primary standard of KFR for water content determination
Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6 . 2H20)
Use: hypotensive agent
Sodium thiocyanate
Aka: hypochlor, photographer’s hypo
Use:
- Treatment of cyanide poisoning with sodium nitrite
- VS in iodometry and permanganometry
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)
- Kalium (Potash)
- Predominant _______
- Pcol action:
- Diuretic
- Important in muscle contraction
Deficiency:
* Hypokalemia
IC action
POTASSIUM (K)
7 Important Compounds of Potassium
- Potassium acetate
- Potassium bicarbonate
- Potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6)
- Potassium citrate
- Potassium hydroxide
- Potassium nitrate
- Potassium permanganate
- Antacid
- Diuretic
- Urinary and systemic alkalizer
Potassium acetate
- Systemic antacid
- Carbonating agent
- Source of bicarbonate ion
Potassium bicarbonate
✓Aka: cream of tartar, creamor
✓Use: Laxative
Potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6)
- Diuretic
- Expectorant
- Diaphoretic
Potassium citrate
✓Aka: caustic potash,
lye potash
✓Use: Saponifying agent (____ soap)
SOFT SOAP
Potassium hydroxide
✓Aka: salt peter, salitre, salt prunelle
✓Use:
1. Diuretic
2. Meat preservative
Potassium nitrate
✓Aka: ______________
✓Use:
1. Oxidizing agent
2. Antiseptic
3. VS in permanganometry
mineral chameleon
Potassium permanganate
Use: cathartic
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate