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A Level Chemistry > Elements of Life > Flashcards

Elements of Life Flashcards

1
Q

when AgNO3 is added to Br- ions what will happen

A

a cream precipitate will form

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2
Q

when AgNO3 is added to I- ions what will happen

A

yellow precipitate formed

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3
Q

when AgNO3 is added to Cl- ions what will happen

A

white precipitate formed

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4
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms/elements in a molecule

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5
Q

what is water of crystallisation

A

H2O molecules can be present with an ionic lattices

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6
Q

What does anhydrous mean

A

It doesn’t contain water

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7
Q

What does hydrated mean

A

it contains water

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8
Q

which is the strongest IMF

A

hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

which is the weakest IMF

A

ID-ID

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10
Q

ionisation energy increases…

A

across a period

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11
Q

ionisation energy increases across a period because…

A

there are more protons/electrons so greater nuclear charge as e- are going to same main shell

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12
Q

greater nuclear charge means…
(ionisation energy)

A

there is stronger nuclear attraction

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13
Q

stronger nuclear attraction leads to…
(ionisation energy)

A

higher 1st ionisation energy as harder to remove electrons

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14
Q

When group 2 reacts with H2O what is produced

A

hydroxides

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15
Q

Group 2 burns in oxygen to form…

A

oxides

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16
Q

group 2 can neutralise..

A

acuds

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17
Q

in emission spectra energy is..

A

released as electrons fall from excited to ground state

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18
Q

in absorption spectra energy is…

A

absorbed, promoting electrons from ground state to excited

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19
Q

which halide is insoluble in ammonia

A

iodine

20
Q

which halide ion in soluble in excess ammonia

A

bromide ions

21
Q

which halide ion is soluble in a few drops of ammonia

A

chloride ions

22
Q

which have higher boiling pints straight or branched chain molecules

A

straight

23
Q

what are isotopes?

A

isotopes of an element are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number

24
Q

do isotopes have the same chemical properties as other isotopes of that element?

A

yes

25
Q

what did JJ Thompson propose about the atom?

A

plum pudding model

26
Q

what was the plum pudding model?

A

positively charged sphere with electrons embedded within

27
Q

what experiment did Rutherford do?

A

fired alpha particles at a think sheet of gold. some were deflected slightly but most passed through

28
Q

what did the Bohr model propose?

A

• e- exist in fixed orbits
• each shell has fixed energy

29
Q

how can relative masses be measured?

A

using a mass spectrometer

30
Q

how can we work out relative atomic mass?

A

from mass spectrum data

31
Q

what is avogadro’s constant?

A

6.02 x 10^23

32
Q

number of moles =

A

number of particles you have / avogadro’s constant

33
Q

moles=
(conc)

A

concentration x volume

34
Q

1000 cm3 in dm3 is?

A

1cm3

35
Q

what is the flame colour for copper

A

blue

36
Q

what is the flame colour for sodium

A

orange-yellow

37
Q

what is the flame colour for barium

A

green

38
Q

what is the flame colour for calcium

A

brick red

39
Q

what is the flame colour for potassium

A

lilac

40
Q

what is the flame colour for lithium

A

crimson

41
Q

how does heating crystals in a hot flame produce colour?

A

the heat energy excited electrons so they emit light when they fall

42
Q

how many electrons can a p orbital hold?

A

2

43
Q

what feature of an atoms structure was deduced from the Geiger and Marsden eperiment?

A

the nucleus is small and dense

44
Q

down the group the first ionisation energies of group 2 elements..

A

decrease

45
Q

down the group the thermal stability of carbonates with group 2 compounds…

A

increase

A Level Chemistry (12 decks)

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