Elements of Bioethics Flashcards
also known as “pro-life” position
right to life
concerns with the ordering of procedure in a fair manner e.g. “first come, first served” policy
procedural justice
the disposition to act in certain ways or habit that allows people to act in certain ways
character traits
a commitment to acting in certain ways without our numerous relationships
duties
refraining from harm
nonmaleficence
make apology
reparation
concerns with the comparative treatment of individual in the allotment of benefits and burdens
distributive justice
truth telling
veracity
promise keeping
fidelity
concerns with compensations for wrongs that have done
compensatory justice
also best viewed as freedom right
right to autonomy
able to distribute benefits and burdens among individuals
justice
these commitments proved to existence of moral bonds
duties
bringing out good
beneficence
duty to say thank you
gratitude
is a theory devoted to discovering what makes a right act or a good person praiseworthy
normative ethical theory
is the basic unit of morality used in normative ethical theory.
norm
- Norms – can be grouped into three general categories
duties
right
character traits (values)
- is more than merely a feeling in our everyday lives
duties or obligations
we experience it as a commitment to acting in certain ways within our numerous relationships
duties or obligations
when you have wronged someone, you may feel compelled to make some kind of reparation, at least in the form of at apology; when you have made a promise, you feel compelled to try to keep it
duties/responsibilities
in our daily conversation, we rely on a number of expressions to convey our experience of having commitments that lead to certain types of action: I really must, I should, I have to, I ought to…
duties
these commitments proved the existence of moral bonds; it is adopted to describe the whole range of such bonds is obligations and the specific forms of it are called duties
duties
not harming and acting to benefit another
non maleficence and beneficence
considered as two duties in a continuum
non-maleficence and beneficence
do not harm
prevent harm
remove harm
bring about positive good beneficence
non maleficence, beneficence
latin word for fidelity
fides
fides means
faithfulness
meeting the patients’ reasonable expectations
being faithful
basic respect
competence
following the code of ethics of profession
following the rules and regulation of the institution
honor internal agreement
fidelity
most complex duty
justice
consider as an “arbiter” because only called on when there are already problems regarding what is rightfully due to a person, group or institution
justice
three types of justice
distributive justice
compensatory justice
procedural justice
concerns with the comparative treatment of individual in the allotment of benefits and burdens
distributive justice
concerns with compensations for wrongs that have done
compensatory justice
concerns with the ordering of procedure in a fair manner e.g. “first come, first served” policy
procedural justice
most common forms of duties
reparation and gratitude
regardless of age and position in life
duty to say “sorry” and “thank you”
reparation and gratitude
stringent claims a person or group makes on society or to other person
rights
means you are in a position to lay claim to something on the basis of the moral correctness of you
moral rights
right relevant to health care may be divided into three categories
right to life
right to autonomy
right to healthcare
- also known as “pro-life” position
right to life
always been associated with abortion debate
right to life
include both “leave me alone” and to provide necessary supports for me to live claims
right to life
understood as one of the freedom rights in which your claim on someone is to not interfere with the continuance of your life
right to life
comes from religion, philosophy, laws and common sense
what right
right to life
sometimes called as the right to self-determination
right to autonomy
also best viewed as freedom right
right to autonomy
the patient’s basic health care needs have not changed but the responses have changed
also best viewed as freedom right
right to autonomy
different kind of interventions are possible leading to suffering and prolonged agony of the patient who is going to die
response becomes regret rather than expressions of respect
right to autonomy
the patient’s right to autonomy has come to be accepted as a moral claim
autonomy is one’s own choices according to principles that could be valid for everyone; the reasons for actions
right to autonomy
each person should be permitted to act according to his own convictions
may be exemplified by the right to die through the living will (testament) or through the special power of attorney
right to autonomy
considered as one of the positive or entitlement rights like food and shelter
right to healthcare
the right to claim for money, health care personnel, facilities and medicines from the society in order to assure that individuals will receive the necessary health care services
right to healthcare
the disposition to act in certain ways or the habit that allows people to act in certain ways
character traits
character traits that are moral bound
virtues
character traits that are not moral bound
vices
will manifest itself if you refrain from deceiving others for your own comfort or protection
honesty
- is required in order to speak out against injustice or wrongdoings
courage
can lead you in admitting your mistake
honesty and courage
can help motivate you to refrain from thoughtlessly harming vulnerable people
compassion
truth telling
veracity
