elements and models of communication

Question 1

elements of communication

Answer 1

sender: initiator of communication
message: encoded form of the senders feeling or info
channel: medium through which the msg travels
receiver: target of msg
interpreter: decodes the msg
feedback: continuous communication loop
context: msg delivered and arrived is given context

Question 2

shannon-weavers model

Answer 2

source: person or group of people
the encoder: express purpose of msg
the msg: whatever is communicated
the channel: physical noise: random error in transmission of info(motorbike loud noise)
semantic noise: challenges in communication related to knowledge, skills, experience.
decoder: decodes the msg
receiver: must be somebody at the other end of the channel.
feedback: behavior’s is tested with reference to its result and success

Question 3

lasswell formula

Answer 3

1948
who?- source
says what?- msg context
which/what channel?- medium
to whom?- audience or receiver
with what effect?- impact or result of communication

Question 4

berlos SMCR model

Answer 4

1960
source-receiver relationship
S- source
M- msg
C-channel
R- receiver

Question 5

schramm-osgoods interactive model

Answer 5

1954: provided ‘field of experience’
included feedback
included context
entropy: measure of uncertainty in system
redundancy: degree to which info is not unique.
noise: info not related to msg.
channel capacity: maximum info a channel can carry