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Questions - Revision > Element 4 > Flashcards

Element 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The phrase “Work Equipment” is used in a very broad way, but is in keeping with PUWER. Identify what equipment is meant by “Work Equipment”?

A
  • Simple hand tools (hammer, screwdriver or chisel).
  • Hand-held power tools (portable electric drill or saw).
  • Single machines (photocopier, etc).
  • Mobile work equipment (tractor, etc).
  • Machine assemblies, where several machines are linked together.
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2
Q

Explain what manufacturers are required to do in order to ensure that equipment that they produce meets basic safety standards.

A
  • Fix a “CE” Mark to the equipment.
  • Provide a written “Declaration of Conformity” to the purchaser.
    “Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008”
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3
Q

List the methods by which employers must prevent access to dangerous parts of machinery?

A
  • Fix enclosed guards.
  • Fix other guards and protection devices such as interlocked guards and pressure mats.
  • Protection appliances such as jigs, holders and push-sticks.
  • Information, instruction, training and supervision.
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4
Q

When ensuring that safeguards are put in place to prevent access to dangerous parts of machinery, there are 3 distinct principles. What are they?

A
  • The safeguards place a physical barrier between a person and a dangerous part.
  • The safeguards use devices that only allow access while the equipment is in a safe condition.
  • The safeguard devices detect a persons presence and stops the machine.
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5
Q

Outline the various regimes where by maintenance can be carried out on work equipment?

A
  • Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM).
  • Condition-based maintenance.
  • Breakdown maintenance.
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6
Q

Explain why maintenance work often creates greater risk for the staff involved?

A
  • Guards and enclosures have to be removed to allow access.
  • Safety devices have to be removed or disabled.
  • Equipment has to be partially or completely dismantled.
  • Power sources may be exposed (electrical supply).
  • Stored power may be accidentally released (compressed springs).
  • Access may be awkward (Space constraints).
  • Handling of parts may be difficult (heavy parts).
  • Additional hazards might be introduced (power tools).
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7
Q

List some additional precautions that may be required during maintenance work?

A
  • Maintenance should only be carried out by competent staff.
  • Power sources should be isolated and physically locked off.
  • Stored power should be released or secured to prevent accidental damage.
  • Where power cannot be isolated, additional precautions are required (covering live parts with insulating material, using additional PPE such as insulating rubber gloves).
  • If dangerous moving parts have to be accessed, additional precautions are required ( run at very slow speed rather than normal operating speed, fit maintenance guards that have made specifically to allow minimum access to required areas).
  • Precautions should be taken to allow safe access, especially when working at height.
  • Handling aids and equipment should be used to reduce manual handling risk.
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8
Q

Identify what “Equipment Controls” should be?

A
  • Well designed so they are easy to use.
  • Placed at suitable locations on the equipment.
  • Easily identifiable.
  • Kept in good working order.
  • Compliant with relevant standards.
  • That stop controls override all other controls.
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9
Q

List some BASIC requirements that equipment should meet?

A
  • Be stable.
  • Be appropriately marked.
  • Have appropriate warning signs.
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10
Q

List some considerations with regard to the physical environment around work equipment?

A
  • Lighting considerations.
  • Markings.
  • Warnings.
  • Space considerations.
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11
Q

Outline the lighting considerations around work equipment?

A
  • Adequate for both operators safety and others.
  • Local lighting (spotlights) for high level lighting in critical areas.
  • Lighting is suitable for equipment (avoid flickering light around a rotating piece of equipment).
  • Lighting suitable for environment (intrinsically safe lighting used in a potentially flammable atmosphere).
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12
Q

Outline the marking considerations around work equipment?

A
  • “Stop/Start” controls.
  • Abrasive wheel rotation speeds.
  • Safe working loads.
  • Colour coding of gas cylinders for recognition of contents.
  • Contents of storage vessels and nature of hazardous contents.
  • Pipework colour coding.
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13
Q

Outline the warning considerations around work equipment?

A
  • Notices.
  • Safety signs.
  • Permit to work systems.
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14
Q

Outline the space considerations around work equipment?

A
  • Adequate space for workers to move around work equipment.

- Other people move around safely without coming into close proximity to dangerous parts of machinery.

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15
Q

Identify the responsibilities of users of work equipment?

A
  • Only operate equipment that they are authorised to use.
  • Operate in accordance with instruction and training.
  • Only operate equipment for it’s intended purpose.
  • Carry out necessary safety checks before using equipment.
  • Not use equipment if it is unsafe.
  • Report defects immediately.
  • Not use equipment, if under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
  • Keep equipment clean and maintained in a safe working order.
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16
Q

Outline some relatively simple hazards associated with hand tools like the hammer, chisel or screwdriver?

A
  • Tool may shatter throwing off sharp metal fragments.
  • Handle may come loose (axe comes off of handle).
  • Tool may be blunt leafing to excessive force, which leads to a loss of control.
  • Simple human error (misjudge movement - hammer hits thumb).
  • Tool misused/used in an inappropriate way (screwdriver used as a crow bar).
17
Q

Identify some simple precautions to minimise hazards when using simple hand tools?

A
  • Tool is suitable for task and used for it’s intended use.
  • Information, instruction and training is given to the user.
  • Tools are visually inspected before use.
  • Tools are maintained.
  • Supervision is given.
18
Q

Explain why portable power tools create greater risk than simple hand tools?

A
  • The forces generated are far greater, therefore the potential for greater/more severe injury exists.
  • Power tools have additional hazards that are not present with simple hand tools.
19
Q

List some additional hazards associated with power tools?

A
  • Electricity.
  • Fuel.
  • Noise.
  • Vibration.
  • Dust.
  • Ejection.
  • Trip hazards.
20
Q

Identify the mechanical hazards of machinery?

A
  • Crushing.
  • Shearing.
  • Cutting or Severing.
  • Entanglement.
  • Drawing in or trapping.
  • Impact.
  • Stabbing or Puncture.
  • Friction or Abrasion.
  • High pressure fluid injection.
21
Q

Identify the non-mechanical hazards of machinery?

A
  • Electricity.
  • Noise.
  • Vibration.
  • Hazardous substances.
  • Radiation (ionising and non-ionising).
  • Extreme temperatures.
  • Ergonomics.
  • Slips, trips and falls.
  • Fire and explosion.
22
Q

Define mechanical hazards?

A
  • Mainly from contact with or being caught by dangerous moving parts.
23
Q

Define non-mechanical hazards?

A
  • Mainly from power source or things emitted by the machine.
24
Q

List the types of safety measures that can be fitted to machinery or implemented when operating machinery?

A
  • Fixed guards.
  • Adjustable and Self-adjusting guards.
  • Interlocked guards.
  • Sensitive Protective Equipment (Trip Devices).
  • Two-hand controls.
  • Hand to run controls.
  • Emergency stop controls.
  • Protective appliances.
  • PPE.
  • Information, instruction and training.
25
Q

List the basic principles of a “Fixed Guard”?

A
  • It completely prevents access to dangerous parts.
  • It is fixed in place.
  • Fixings require a tool for removal (guard must not be removable by finger force alone).
26
Q

Identify the main limitations with adjustable and self-adjusting guards?

A
  • They do not completely prevent access to dangerous parts.
  • They are very easy to defeat.
  • They rely on 100% operator competence.
27
Q

Outline the main principles of “Interlocked Guards”?

A
  • Power to the machine is disabled and the machine will not operate until the guard is in place.
  • Either the guard is locked shut until it is safe for the guard to open, or the act of opening the guard stops the dangerous parts and disables power.
28
Q

Identify the different types of Sensitive Protective Equipment (Trip Devices)?

A
  • Pressure mats.
  • Trip bars.
  • Photoelectric devices.
29
Q

Outline the main limitations of Sensitive Protective Equipment?

A
  • They do not provide a physical barrier to prevent access.
  • They can be overridden (platforms to span a pressure mat).
  • May not operate fast enough to prevent harm.
  • May be overly sensitive, leading to frequent trips, which can lead to an operator attempting to bypass them.
  • They are more complicated than simple physical guards, and therefore fail more frequently which encourages misuse.
30
Q

Outline the important principles of “Two-hand controls”?

A
  • Controls must be more than one hand span apart (to prevent one-handed operation).
  • Controls must have to be activated simultaneously.
  • Releasing the controls must stop the machine immediately.
31
Q

Outline the main limitations with “Two-handed controls”?

A
  • Does not protect other parts of the body.

- It’s relatively east for two operators working together, to bypass the system.

32
Q

Outline the important principles of “Hold-to-run controls”?

A
  • The handle/pedal must be held at all times while the machine operates.
  • Releasing the control must stop the machine immediately.
33
Q

Outline the main limitations of “Hold-to-run controls”?

A
  • Do not protect ANY parts of the operators body.
  • Can be held or operated by a person other than the operator.
  • Can be easily defeated by an operator.
34
Q

Outline the key principles of “Emergency stops”?

A
  • They should bring the machine to a safe stop as quickly as possible.
  • They should latch or lock so that the machine can only be re-started by going to the location of the button to re-set it.
  • Release of the button should not re-start the machine.
35
Q

Outline the main limitations of “Emergency stops”?

A
  • They are only used once the danger has been sensed by the operator (it might be too late).
  • Despite good design, a person trapped by a machine may not be able to reach the emergency stop.
  • It may not be possible to emergency brake the machine quickly enough to prevent injury.
36
Q

Give a definition of “Protective Appliances”?

A
  • They are pieces of equipment that allow an operator to keep their hands away from dangerous parts. E.g. Clamps, Jigs and Push-Sticks.
37
Q

Give examples of PPE requirements when using a chainsaw?

A
  • Face (Visor) and eye protection (impact-resistant).
  • Hearing protection.
  • Head protection (hard hat).
  • Stout gloves.
  • Boots with good grip and steel toe caps.
  • Cut-resistant trousers or chaps.
  • Stout shirt.
38
Q

Give some basic characteristics of a guard or safety device?

A
  • It meets relevant standards.
  • It is strong and robust.
  • It is compatible.
  • It is not easy to defeat or bypass.
  • It must not interfere with vision.
  • It must not interfere with ventilation requirements.
  • Easy to maintain.
  • Safety device or guard should not have to be removed for maintenance to take place.
  • It does increase the overall risk.
39
Q

What does PUWER stand for?

A

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

Questions - Revision (39 decks)

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