Culmination of GC1, GC2 & GC3 Flashcards
Revision
Define a Hazard.
A person, place, procedure or system of work with potential to cause harm.
Define a Risk.
Likelihood x Consequence = Risk
Identify four possible direct costs to an organisation following a serious accident at work.
- compensation
- insurance premium increase
- damage to buildings, equipment or plant
- production loss or loss of business
- absence of employees due to incident
- fine, court costs, legal representation
- sick pay
Identify four possible indirect costs to an organisation following a serious accident at work.
- cumulative business loss
- repetitional loss
- low employee morale
- production delays
- retention of staff
- recruitment of staff
Outline the main features of Civil Law.
- the protection of individual rights from the behaviour of other individuals/orgs
- allows person who’s suffered harm through negligence to seek compensation
- based on common law
- enacted in civil court
- Judges verdict is “balance of probability”
- 3 year time limit to submit a civil claim
- employer can have liability insurance with minimum £5mil pounds
Identify possible defences to a civil law claim for the tort of negligence.
- no duty was owed to defendant
- no breach of duty of care
- injury/loss wasn’t caused by breach
- everything reasonable was done by defendant
- an act of god
- claimant voluntarily accepted the risk
- fault of the claimant - contributory negligence
- claimant exceeded 3 year claim time
An employer has common law duty of care and health, safety and welfare of their employees.
GIVING an example, OUTLINE what the employer must provide in order to fulfil this common law duty.
- safe place of work
- provision of safe plant and eqpt
- provide and maintain safe systems of work
- competent employees
- provide info,
training
instruction - supervision in relation to work and competence.
In relation to health and safety Identify the role of:
Employment Tribunal
- resides over appeals
- determines disputes between recognised safety reps whose rights have been withheld.
Identify FOUR reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury than an employee.
- unfamiliar with the surroundings and layout
- unfamiliar with procedures and processes
- unfamiliar with travel routes
- unfamiliar with emergency procedures and means of escape
- have a disability or be young or old - maybe vulnerable
Identify control measures that could be taken to ensure health and safety of visitors to the workplace.
- guest register
- induction
- provide a host of visitors
- give them a badge or tabard
- provide the visitor with correct PPE
- limit visitor access
With reference to the management of HSWR 1999.
Outline the information that an employer must provide his employee.
- risks to their health and safety
- risk control procedures based on risk assessments
- emergency procedures
- key personnel who assist employer managing health an safety
Outline the employees duties under the management of HSWA Regulations 1999.
- use eqpt or substances in accordance with training and instruction provided by employer.
- must inform employer of any work situation they think is serious or poses immediate danger to Health and Safety
- report Health and Safety shortcomings to management.
Identify indicators that will show and organisation has a positive safety culture.
- training
- good management
- Healthy and Safety planning at all level of business
- personnel who think Health and Safety is important
- employees wear PPE
- peer pressure in the form of adhering to Health and Safety
- conforming to procedure
Identify indicators that will show and organisation has a negative safety culture.
- lack of training
- poor management
- focus on production
- personnel don’t think Health and Safety are important
- peer pressure
- not wearing correct PPE
- shortcuts or unsafe methods
- not conforming to procedure
- poor management
How do you calculate incident rate.
Total number of accidents
________________
Number of persons
x 1000
Identify Indicators used to assess culture.
- accidents
- sickness rate
- absenteeism
- retention rates
- compliance with safety rules
- complaints about working conditions
Outline practical means by which a manager could improve employees in the improvement of Health and Safety in the workplace.
- training
- group work
- allocating roles + responsibilities of Health and Safety across team
- incentive schemes - money, time off etc
- encourage communication / consult
- involve employees within risk assessments
- investigate accident and near miss investigation
- develop safe systems and procedures at work
Identify how a workers hazard perception can be improved.
- awareness training
- highlights hazards - use signs
- adequate lighting
- reduce distractions
- avoid fatigue
3 factors influencing an employees behaviour in work.
- Individual and/or Organisational Characteristics
- Nature Of The Job
Name the sections of HSWA.
2 - Employers Duty to his Employees
2-2 Employed specific duties
3 Employers duty to others
4 Controllers of Premises
6 Design, manufacture, importers, suppliers Duties
7 Employees Duties
8 Inference and Misuse
What organisational factors can be negative.
Work Patterns
- shift work
- extended hours
- working at night
Identify how senior management can demonstrate their commitment towards Health and Safety.
- ensure availability of resources
- define roles and responsibilities
- engaging contrators
- active role in review of Health and Safety procedures
Identify how an employees peers can have a positive influence on an organisations Health and Safety culture.
- compliance with safety systems in place
- reporting accidents and near miss
- positive attitude towards Health and Safety
- contribute ideas to improve Health and Safety
- participate in training
- lead by example
- cooperate with employer
- participate with employee consultation
- safely intervene in an unsafe situation
- wearing of PPE
State the employers duty to their employees.
Ensure as far as reasonably practical
- health
- safety
- welfare at work of all their employees.
Looking at the MHSWR, what are the principles of prevention.
Employer must
implement
preventative and protective measures
in line with schedule 1 to MHSWR
Identify qualities in competent staff.
- skilled
- qualified
- experience
- ability to do the job
- must know their own competence
Identify published information available to address Health and Safety problems
- HSE website
- Regulations
- Acts
- ACOP Approved Code of Practise
- Guidance notes
Identify ways of communicating in the workplace
- verbal
- graphic
- written
List pros for verbal communication
- personal
- quick
- direct
- allows check for understanding
- allows for instant feedback
- exchange views
- check understanding - facial expressions etc
List cons for verbal communication
- language barriers
- jargon may be miss understood
- accents may blur words
- background noise
- may not hear you
- may be miss interpreted
- no written record
- recipient may forget information
List pros to written communication
- permanent record
- can be referred to
- ca be disputed to a large audience
- written clearly, straight to the point
List cons for written communication
- indirect
- takes time to write
- can be impersonal
- may be too long to read
- may not be read by personnel
- personnel may not be able to read
- questions can’t immediately be asked
- no immediate feedback
List pros to graphic communication
- eye catching
- visual
- quick to interpret
- no language barrier
- jargon free
- conveys message to wider message
List cons to graphic communication
- costs money to print
- can only be a simple message
- may not be seen
- symbols or pictograms may be unknown to reader
- can’t ask questions
- personnel may be visually impaired
List pros to broadcast message - notice boards and posters
- graphic, nil language barrier
- eye catching
- low cost
- reinforce key messages
List cons for broadcast message - notice boards and posters
- quickly become part of surroundings
- may be defaced
- rely on people seeing the information
Outline 6 reasons why employees may fail to comply with safety procedures at work
- no morale
- feel like they’re dictated to
- lack of understanding
- lack of experience
- too time consuming
- unrealistic
- impractical
Identifying methods that can be used to communicate Health and Safety information to employees
- noticeboards
- posters
- videos
- toolbox talk
- emails
- employee hand books
- digital media
- internet
- signs
- safety induction
Identify typical times when staff will receive Health and Safety training
- Inductions
- Job change
- Process Change
- New technology
Outline the typical content of a general induction training course for the new starts
- organisational health and safety policy
- emergency procedures
- ppe to be worn
- first aide details
- location of welfare facilities
- safe movement around work
- accident/incident reporting
When thinking about risk, what does reasonably practical mean
Rick vs Cost
Classifications of a hazard
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
- Ergonomic
- Psychological
Evaluations of a risk
- Qualitative
- Quantitate
What is the aim of a Risk Assessment
Prevent
- death
- ill health
- injury
- loss
- damage
- enforce actions
- direct and indirect costs
5 steps of a Risk Assessment
- Identify hazards
- identify people who might be harmed and how
- evaluate risk and decide precautions
- record findings and implement them
- review and update as necessary
Outline the economic benefits that an organisation may obtain by implementing a successful health and safety management system
- demonstrates legal compliance
- risks are addressed and controlled
- reduces accidents and illness
- reduces down time and non productive time spent by management
- reduced civil claims for compensation
- reduced accidents and illness following a management system
- motivates the workforce due to better moral
- increased production
- staff retention - less money spent on recruitment and training
- maintains and improves an organisations reputation and shows customer a positive attitude to Health and Safety
Outline the two purposes of the statement of intent within an organisational Health and Safety policy.
- shows commitment of senior management towards health and safety.
- states organisations healthy and safety
objectives
targets
key hazards
Outline two purposes of Organisation within a Health and Safety policy
- identifies organisations health an safety management structure including responsibilities for specific health an safety management tasks
- ensures effective delegation of responsibilities and reporting through the company
Outline two purposes of arrangements within a Health and Safety policy
- contains practical measures to implement the policy
- provides systems and procedures to assist in meeting Health and Safety standards
Outline information typically included in the arrangements section of Health and Safety document
- emergency procedures
- accident and illness reporting procedures
- machinery safety
- control of exposure to specific hazards
- electrical equipment safety
- permit to work procedure
- use of PPE
- inspections and audit procedures
- welfare facilities
- training procedures
- food hygiene procedures
- waste disposal procedures
Outline six typical targets that an organisation might set in relation to health an safety
- reduce number of accidents and ill health
- reduce level of sick absence
- increase in trained employees
- reduce number of civil claims
- no enforcement notices
- less faults found on inspections
Outline why it is important for an organisation to set obj in terms of Health and Safety performance
- indicate management commitment to make improvements
- motivate workforce
- offer evidence during monitoring, review and audit phases
- provide focus for management to work which can be a measured
- ensure planning of Health and Safety takes place in line with regs
Outline circumstances that may require Health and Safety policy to be reviewed
- changes in technology
- enforcement action
- change of location
- change in size of organisation
- change of legislation
- third party request
- after a period of time
Outline why the Health and Safety policy should be signed by most senior person in the Organisation
- demonstrates to the workforce that senior management are committed to it.
- employees take it seriously
- provides authority for the policy
- in line with HSE guidance
- shows Health and Safety is considered by most senior person prior to signing it.
- shows ultimate responsibility for Health and Safety
- indicates a positive Health and Safety culture
Outline the requirements for employers to provide health an Safety in accordance with HSWA
- ABSOLUTE DUTY
- stated in section 2-3.
Employer must provide written Health and Safety policy where they employ 5 or more employees.
Identify 6 categories of persons who may feature on organisational Health and Safety chart and responsibilities.
Hint: Organisational flow chart
- Director
sets policy, obj and targets - Line Manager
responsible for H&S, welfare and implementation of policy - Supervisor
Dady to day compliance with policy - Safety Advisor
advises during accident investigations or compliance issues - Safety Reps
represents employees during consultations - Employees
H&S of self and others - Fire Marshal
evacuate building in emergency - First Aiders
administer first aide
5 steps of a Risk Assessment
- Identify Hazards
- Identify People
- Evaluate Risk - Decide On Precautions
- Record Significant Findings + Precautions
- Review + Update As Necessary
When would you review a risk assessment?
- after an introduction of new machinery, process, equipment
- new information relating to hazardous substances
- new legislation
- following accident/incidents
- no longer valid
- change of workplace different employees disabled females number of staff special case - young people
- change/ loss management
What would you have to do as an employer if an employee says they’re pregnant
- doctors note - proof of pregnancy
- check risk assessment for pregnant women
- re assess working environment/routine
Identify factors that should be considered when completing a risk assessment for lone workers
- competency
- task suitable for lone work
- appropriate tools
- first aide - kit, aide memories etc
- communication to workplace? methods…
- location reporting
- entrance and exit- is it safe?
- medical fit for task
- basic welfare facilities
Describe different types of safety signage
- Safe Condition. Green and White
- Prohibition. Red circle with a bar.
- Mandatory. Blue and white
- Warning. Yellow and Black
Identify internal Health and Safety information that should be available to a manager in the workplace
- previous risk assessment
- incident/near miss records
- feedback from workers
- indicators - ill health, injury etc
- previous audits
- training records
- policy procedures
- maintenance records
- site inspection
- safe systems at work
- sick absences
Identify objectives of carrying out workplace risk assessment
prevent accidents and ill health within the workplace
- Moral
comply with legislation
- Legal
identify actions to reduce risk
- Financial
Outline personal factors that should be considered when selecting someone to be a first aider.
- reliable
- good communication skills
- have the right aptitude
- able to cope with stress
- physically capable of dealing with an emergency
- competent
- reliable
Types of active monitoring
- Safety Inspection
- Safety Sampling
- Safety tour
- Safety Survey
- Benchmarking
What would you carry out a systematic inspection on.
- Plant - eqpt, vehs
- Premises - workplace
- People - behaviour, are they wearing PPE?
- Procedures - permit to work? safe systems work?
When would you do an unscheduled inspection
- concerns about procedure and safety
- observe shift change / out of hours
- see a Truer reflection of the shopfloor
Types of Safety Inspection
- Routine
- Statutory
- Periodic
- Pre Use
Safety Inspections are carried out by…
- Competent workers
- Line Managers
completing a check list
Identify factors to consider when introducing a workplace inspection programme
- frequency
- type of inspection - is it statutory?
- allocation of responsibilities
- competence of inspector
- use of checklist
- action plan for problems found
- review process
Outline why an organisation should carryout active monitoring of its health and safety performance
- achieve legal compliance
- meet insurance requirements
- meet internal standards
- monitors Health and Safety performance
- improvements to risk control
Identify examples of active monitoring of Health and Safety performance
- Audits
- Inspections
- Surveys
- Tours
- Sampling
- Health surveillance
Define a confined space.
any enclosed space where there is a reasonably foreseeable specified risk
Identify the reasons and benefits for carrying out accident investigations.
- Identify immediate root cause
- Identify corrective action to prevent recurrence
- Record the facts of the incident
- Legal reasons
- Claim management
- Staff Morale
- Review and Update Risk Assessments
- Discipline procedure
- Data gathering
- Determine costs
- Insurance companies
Define a Near Miss.
- Unplanned unwanted event that has potential to lead to injury, damage or loss BUT didn’t do so
Define Dangerous Occurrence.
- Specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by statue law
Define an Accident.
- Unplanned, unwanted event which leads to injury, damage or loss
Define Work Related Illness.
- Disease or medical conditions caused by a persons work.
List types of Incidents.
- Near Miss
- Accident
- Dangerous Occurrence
- Work Related Ill Health
4 steps of the basic Investigation Procedures.
- Gather Factual Information
- Analyse Information - find root causes
- Identify Control Measures
- Plan Remedial Actions
Describe Step 1 of Investigation Procedure.
Gather Information
- secure the scene
- identify witness
- collect factual information
- interview witness
- examine any documents
Describe Step 2 of Investigation Procedure.
Analyse the Information
- Immediate & Root causes
no PPE
In-competent
lack of supervision
Describe Step 3 of Investigation Procedure.
Identify suitable control measures
eg - use a spill kit to prevent further slips
- “will this action prevent further similar events?”
Describe Step 4 of Investigation Procedure.
Plan Remedial Actions
- dangerous conditions to be dealt with immediately
- short term measures to sort root cause
- all actions assigned, prioritised an completed to agreed timescale
Identify internal documents that could be examined when investigating a workplace accident.
- Health and Safety Policy
- Workplace Inspection Reports
- Risk Assessments
- SSW/PTW
- Training Records
- Maintenance records
- Pre Use check sheets
- Precious Accidents
- Induction Reports
- PPE Records
- Complaint Reports
- Minutes from Health an Safety meetings
- Sickness Records
Identify internal documents that could be examined when investigating a workplace accident.
- health an safety policy
- workplace inspection reports
- risk assessments
- SSW/PTW
- training records
- maintenance records
- pre use checks
- previous accidents reports
- introduction records
- PPE records
- complaint records
- minutes from health and safety meetings
Identify why accident are not reported.
- unclear policy method for reporting accidents
- very complicated reporting procedure
- the process is time consuming
- person feels they will get in to trouble
- person can’t be bothered
- lack of training
Identify headings used to compile an incident investigation form.
- DTG
- loc of accident/incident
- injured persons details
- circumstances of accident/incident
- Immediate Action taken
- recommendation for improvement
- Investigation date
- signature of investigating TL
Expand RIDDOR.
- Reporting of
- Injuries
- Disease
- Dangerous
- Occurrences
- Regulations 2013
In the event of a serious incident involving a fatality at work.
Identify who be notified internally and externally to the company.
- emergency services
- family members
- employees
- HSE
- senior management
- Union Safety Rep
- Health and Safety advisor
- public relations advisor - deal with media
- insurance company
RIDDOR require the reporting of certain events to the relevant authorities.
The 6 main events are:
- fatality
- specified injuries
- dangerous occurrences
- occupational disease
- over 7 days injury
- hospitalisation of a non worker/civilian
Control measures within a confined space.
- supervision
- competence
- method of communicating
- atmospheric test before/during/post
RIDDOR requires a responsible person to…when a fatality occurs.
notify the enforcing authority without delay by the quickest practicable means.
eg
Phone Incident Contact Centre
Reporting action and times for the following events:
1 - Fatality
2 - Specified Injury
3 - Dangerous Occurrence
4 - Over 7 day injury*
5 - Reportable disease
1 - Immediate notification
written report 10 days
2 - Immediate notification
written report 10 days10 days
3 - Immediate notification
written report 10 days10 days
4 - NO immediate report 15 days*
after diagnosis by a doctor
5 NO immediate report
report after diagnosis from a doctor
Define an over 7 day injury.
where an employee is away from work or unable to perform natural duties
Identify types of occupational disease.
- carpal tunnel
- sever cramp of the hands/forearm
- occupational dermatitis
- hand, arm vibration syndrome
- occupational asthma
- tendonitis
- cancer
- exposure to bio agent
an employee has amputated a finger in the workplace and admitted to hospital for treatment.
Outline the legal requirements of reporting the accident to the enforcing authorities.
- recognition of specified injuries
- reference to RIDDOR
- responsible to notify enforcing authorities by quickest means possible
- written report to follow within 10 days
Outline ways where management could demonstrate their commitment to improve standards after an accident within the workplace.
- visible leadership
- give Health an safety an equal priority
- correct resources
- review policies
- review risk assessments / SSW
- provide additional IITS
- encourage reporting of accidents/near misses
- employ competent personnel
Define scope and purpose of an audit.
critical evaluation of the organisations Health and Safety system.
VERIFIES
- management systems
- risk control inplace
- workplace precautions in place
- be it internal or external
Audits focus on 3 types of evidence…
- interviews
- direct observation of people
- documents and records
Auditing is a mechanism for…
verifying an organisations health and safety management system
Audits are…
- systematic - pre planned
- objective - evidence based
- critical - highlight non compliance/conformance
Identify the audit process
- Pre audit prep
- audit process
- feedback
Pre audit prep involves
- DTG of audit
- scope of audit
- area and extent of audit
- who will be required? interviewees?
- info gathering - documentation
During an audit, information is gathered by…
Hint: IDO
- Interviewing personnel
- document review and assessment
- observation of physical conditions and work activities
At the end of an audit a report is written after…
- assemble and evaluate evidence
Identify advantages an disadvantages of external audits.
Advantage
- fresh pair of eyes
- independant of internal influence
- recommendations carry more weight
- neutral - can’t be leaned on
Disadvantage
- time consuming
- expensive
- may intimidate workers
Identify advantages an disadvantages for both internal and external audits
Advantage
- less expensive
- auditors already know the business
- improves ownership of issues found
- builds competence
Disadvantage
- auditors may not notice certain issues
- may not have knowledge of industry legal standards
- may not possess auditing skills
- more likely to be subject to internal influence
Performance Indicators when reviewing health and safety performance
- accident and incident data
- details of inspections
- absence and sickness data
- safety survey, tours, sampling
- audit reports
- enforcement actions
- previous management reviews
- complaints
Give an example of continued improvements
- improved safety reviews, audits and inspections
- improved relations with sub contracts, suppliers and customers
- improved reporting and analysing systems
- better communications between employees and giving feedback
Explain why an organisation should review its health and safety performance
- check org is complying with legislation
- check health an safety policy remains
- comparison against the orgs targets to identify threats
- ensure control measures have been effective
- identify good and bad health and safety practises
- required bu an organisation conforming to an accredited body such as ISO 45001
Identify the typical information examined during an audit
- Health and Safety policy
- training records
- reported actions
- risk assessments
- maintenance records
- health an safety monitoring records
- accident investigation reports
- emergency arrangements
- insurance company inspection reports
- Complaints records
Identify key elements of a permit to work system.
- duration
- description of task
- isolations made
- Further precautions
- issued by authorised person
- acceptance by competent person
- cancellation by authorised person
Identify four types of work situation that might require a permit to work system.
- Confined Space
- Work at Heights
- Machinery Maintenance
- Live Electrical Systems
- Hot Work
- Specialist Maintenance
- Lone Worker
- Evacuation work
Four methods of Active Monitoring.
- Safety Inspections
- Safety Audits
- Safety Sampling
- Safety Surveys
- Environmental Monitoring
- Health surveillance
- Behavioural Observation
- Benchmarking
4 methods of Reactive Monitoring.
- Accident stats
- Ill health reports
- employee complaints
- near miss reports
- dangerous occurrence reports
- property damage
- enforcement action
- number of civil claims
- lost time
- accident costs
Identify why it is important to use a variety of methods to communicate health and safety information in the workplace.
- Language barriers
- individuals respond differently to stimuli
- disability
- reinforcement message
- feedback required?
- over familiar with one method
- gain improvements and motivate
- stimulate interest
- can’t read
- different info requires different methods - emg signs
Outline the meaning of the term - hierarchy of control.
a list of measures designed to control risks - considered in order of importance, effectiveness and priority
designed to control risk, with extreme measure of control and end with PPE as last resort
Outline the standards of hierarchy of control that should be applied to control health an safety risks in the workplace.
Hint: ERIEPDA
- Eliminate Risk
- Reduce Risk
- Isolate
- Engineering Controls
- Provision Of PPE
- Discipline
- Appropriate Order
Identify the time period within which an appeal may be logged against an improvement notice AND identify the effect the appeal will have on the notice.
- must be logged within 21 days from he date the notice was served
- employment tribunal can extend the time limit on application
- notice is suspended until the appeal is heard
Identify penalties for contravening the requirements of an improvement notice when heard BOTH summarily AND on indictment.
Unlimited fine and or 6months prison
Indictment
- Unlimited fine - 2 years prison
Identify key documents that are likely to be examined during a health an safety audit.
- Health and safety policy
- risk assessment
- SSQ/PTW/Method statement
- statutory records/docs
- accident reporting procedures
- near miss stats
- safety monitoring
- maintenance records
- control
- training records
- emergency procedures
- insurance docs
Outline the factors that might cause the health and safety culture of an organisation to decline
- no effective comms
- blame culture
- poor management
- no priority for Health and safety
- no ownership / roles and resps
- lack of monitoring
- high turnover of employees
- poor working environment
Outline the purpose and general content of the THREE main sections of a health and safety policy
- Statement of Intent
- the Organisation
- The Argument
explain why health an safety policy should be signed by the most senior person in an organisation.
- demonstrates commitment from the top
- gives the policy authority
What is the meaning of a risk.
likelihood x consequence = risk
cable across walk way. Individual could trip over it
if the cable is at the top of the stairs then the risk increases.
Identify the key stages of a workplace risk assessment.
- Identify Hazards
- Identify People
- Evaluate Risk - decide precautions
- Record findings - implement
- Review and Update
Outline initial actions that should be taken following a major accident at work.
- isolate services
- administer FA
- contact Emg Services
- inform NOK
- notify ICC
- Secure scene
- collect evidence
- inform safety rep
- set up investigation
- complete internal accident form
- arrange staff support
Outline the role of an employment tribunal.
- hear appeals against improvement notices
- appeals against prohibition notices
- unfair dismissal on grounds of Health and safety
- allow appeal/ compensation awards
Outline Criminal Court.
- hear cases on breaches of HASAWA Impose penalties if guilty ability to fine impose prison time determine guilt decide on commit to trial
Outline Civil Court
- Action is brought by the individual
- Intention is compensation
- Legal proceedings must start within 3yrs of injury date
- CAN use insurance to pay compensation
- Common law is the source
- Verdict “balance of probabilities”
Identify the minimum standards of Welfare provision within the workplace.
- drinking water
- sanitary convenience - WCs
Hot and Cold plus Soap and means of Drying - washing facilities - Showers/Bath Hot and Cold water, plus Soap and means of Drying
- changing rooms
- secure storage for clothing
- restroom / rest and eat - prep food
Identify the minimum standards within the workplace environment.
- space -
sufficient to allow workers to perform tasks comfortably - seating - DSE style
- ventilation “sufficient supply of fresh purified air”
- heating - maintenance of a reasonable temp in indoor spaces
- adequate lighting where appropriate
A minimum workplace temperature is to be adequate for workers.
Where would you find more information relating to this and what are the temperatures stated for manual and sedentary work.
Approved
Code
of
Practise
min indoor temp - 16 degrees (inactive/seating)
min manual temp - 13 degree
What are the health affects of working in a seated position.
- circulation problems
- vertebral and muscular damage
What is a suitable seat for sedentary work.
- DSE style chair
- good lumbar support and foot rest
- swivel with adjustable back and height
What is adequate lighting
- appropriate to the size and layout of working area
- use as much natural light as possible
- use of spot lights for detailed work
- relative to shift pattern
- suitability to area
indoors/outdoors - day/night - emergency lighting
What are the control measures to consider working within a confined space,
Hint: SCAM
- sufficient level of supervision
- competence of workers
- method of communication
- atmospheric rest/monitor before and during
What are the control measures to consider working within a confined space.
Hint: VIPLFE
- Ventilation
- Insulation - electrical/mechanical
- PPE
- Lighting
- Fire precaution
- Emergency Entrance/Exit
Identify the sections within a Permit To Work (PTW)
- Issue
authorised person - Reciept
authorised person - Clearance
person completing work - Cancellation
issuer accepts work complete at all stages
Identify the health and safety effects of inadequate lighting
- headaches
- eye strain
- fatigue
- increased likely hood of human error
- increase in accident
- increased emg evac time
A PTW is issued by…
An authorised person undertaking the work.
PTWs are typically used to control the following working environments
- hot work
- live electrical systems
- confined spaces
- height
- machinery work
Outline what a PTW is.
A
- Formal
- Documented
..Procedure to form a safe system of work, ensuring all steps before, during and after high risk work has occured.
Factors which could affect employee safe movement within the workplace.
- floors and traffic routes
vet and bed track plan - transparent doors
- reasonable adjustments to cater for disabilities
Identify five health issues associated with working in hot conditions working with a hot environment
- dehydration
- cramps
- burns
- fatigue
Heat
- stress
- exhaustion
- stroke
Identify health and safety effects working in cold environments.
- hypothermia
- frostbite
- slip hazards
- freeze burn injuries
Identify preventative measures that can be taken to protect against injury within a hot environment.
- ventilation
- insulate heat sources
- shield heat sources
- cool refuge - shade - rest room
- easy access to drinking water and isotonic drinks
- provide frequent breaks/job rotation
- appropriate clothing
Identify preventative measures that can be taken to protect against injury within a cold environment.
- prevent or protect workers from draughts
- shield/lag extremely cold surfaces
- warm refuge - areas to warm up - rest room
- appropriate PPE
- provide frequent breaks/job rotation
- easy access to hot food and drink
- salt/grit ice work places
Identify the six basic welfare requirements an employer must provide their employees
- drinking water
- sanitary conveniences
- washing facilities
- changing rooms
- accommodation for clothing
- rest and eating
Define Violence at Work
Any incident where a person is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances relating to their work.
Identify the risk factors that could increase the risk of violence.
- cash handling
- lone working
- representing authority - uniformed roles
- wearing a uniform
- censuring someone by saying “no”
- dealing with people under influence
drugs/alcohol
You’re working In a bank, what type of control would you implement for staff to avoid the risk of violence.
- bullet proof glass
- security doors
- panic button
- high counters
- CCTV
- bolting furniture to the floor
- provide training for staff
Identify the best control measures for a care nurse conducting a home visit.
- no lone working
- not to work in a high risk area
- keep records of all incidents
Explain the term “work related violence:.
Any incident where a person is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances relating to their work.
Identify 3 types of substance misuse
- Alcohol
- Legal or illegal drugs
- Substances
Identify the main signs and symptoms of alcohol and drug abuse.
- late attendance
- increased absenteesim
- poor work quality
- reduced output
- dishonesty
- theft
- mood swings
- aggressive
Explain how these would affect the individuals an possibly that of others health and safety in the workplace.
- poor co-ordination
- perception towards safety will be reduced
- personality change
- raised blood pressure
- liver damage
- depression
- sensory impairment
- increased
Identify key information required on a PTW
- authorised personnel
- DTG
- location
- isolations in place
- foreseeable hazards
- precautions against hazards
- communication arrangements
- emergency procedures/facilities
- duration permit is in place - extensions
Identify control measures to reduce risk of substance misuse at work.
- rules on drugs and alcohol policy.
create a drugs and alcohol policy to include - rules on consumption/following laws
- random drug/alcohol testing
- assess for workers rehab treatment
- disciplinary procedure
- awareness campaigns
Identify why misuse of drugs and alcohol in the workplace is such a concerto health an safety
- drugs and alcohol cause sensory impairment.
- skewed perception and lack of control.
- fatigue and drowsiness causing unsafe acts that result in injuries to themselves or others.
- health risks to workers, usually associated with long term abuse.
Expand MHSWR
Management of Health and Safety Work Regulations 1999
Identify hazards in the workplace that may affect safe movement of employees around the workplace.
- falls from height
- slip, trip fall on same level
- collisions with moving veh
- struck by moving, flying, falling objects
- fixed or stationary obj
Identify the difference between slip and trip hazard.
- Slip hazard wet smooth contamination frost ice
- Trip hazard
uneven
loose surface
objects on the floor
Identify reasons why workers fall from height.
- complaceny
- working next to unprotected edge
Expand MEWP
Mobile
Elevated
Workping
Platform
3 Control measures for safe movement of people in the workplace
- eliminate the hazard
- create a safe place
- create a safe person
- Risk Assessment
- Slip resistance surfaces
- Spillage control drainage
- Designated walk way
- Fencing and guarding
- Signs and PPE
Define Working at height
Where there is risk of a fall, liable to cause injury unless precautions are taken.
Identify the main risks from working at height
- worker falling
- object falling on people below
Risk factors for working at height - roofs
- fragile
- asbestos fibre sheets
- rusted steel sheeting
- wood wool slab
- wired glass on roof lights
Basic hazards of working at height.
- deterioration of materials
- unprotected edges (rail)
- poor maintenance of access equip
ladder, cheery pickers etc - inclement weather
- poor storage of materials - toe board
Hierarchy states when controlling the risk of working at height, you are to…
- Avoid
- Prevent
- Minimise
Outline the factors to determine the level of supervision that a new employee should receive during their initial period of employment within an organisation.
- level of hazard and risk in the job activity or actively being carried out.
- level of competence and training
- level of experience
- ability to reach competence level required
- accident history of the employee if known
Explain the meaning of the term competent person.
A person who has the necessary knowledge, ability, training and experience to carry out a specific task in the correct manner as required by regulations.
Outline organisational factors that may cause a person to work unsafely even though they are competent.
- lack of adequate health and safety policy
- policy not adequately resourced
- lack of health an safety culture
- poor leadership from senior management
- unrealistic safety performance targets
- lack of supervision from management
- productions is a higher priority than health an safety
- pressure from colleges
Factor to consider when identifying control measures for work at height.
- nature and duration of the task to be carried out
- competence of person
- any training required
- supervision required
- access/egress
- suitability of equipment used, its condition and maintenance
- weather conditions
- rescue plan
- emergency plan
- compliance with regulations
Following a reportable accident to a contractor which happened on the employers premises and investigation was carried out by an enforcement officer. it was found that an employer had failed to provide health and safety information to the contractor
Outline the duties that the employer owes the contractor under the HSWA 1974
- all employers have duties under Sect 3 to ensure as far as reasonably practical, the persons not in their employment who may be affected are safeguarded and not exposed to risk their health and safety.
- Set 4 places duties on employer as a controller of premises to ensure that premises and its plant and equipment are sage without risks to health for persons using them as a place of work.
Characteristics of any guardrail
- fully enclose all personnel
- robust - wont bend
- securely fixed to withstand impact
- high enough to prevent falling over
- no excessive large gaps
Following a significant increase in accidents, a health an safety campaign is to be launched within an organisation to encourage safer working by employees.
Outline how the organisation might ensure that the nature of the campaign is effectively communicated to, and understood by the employees.
- means of communications are planned to ensure correct methods and sufficient time allocated.
- managers and supervisors are committed to train them in means of communication
- choose the best means of communication in relation to the comms that need to be communicated
- ensure variety of methods used - verbal, written, graphic
- ensure messages are clear and understood
Main hazards using ladders
- falling off
- ladder toppling sideways
- ladder base slips out from wall
- objects falling off ladders
- contact with live overhead
Identify the control measures for the safe use of ladders
- pre use check
- solid flat base
- 1:4 - correct angle
- top of ladder against solid support
- ladder secured
guide rope
anchor point
3 point contact
List the parts of a scaffold.
- standards (verticals)
- ledgers (horizontal)
- transoms (short horizontal - span across ledgers
- bracing (diagonal)
- base plate (underneath the standards
- sole board (timber use base plate)
- work platform (fully boarded)
- guard rail (enclose work platform)
- toe board (provide lip to platform)
Identify the cause of a scaffold to collapse.
- incorrectly tied.
- incorrectly constructed
- weather conditions
- damaged materials
- unauthorised modifications
- vet impact
- overloading
- incompetent employees constructing it
- soft ground
How often is scaffolding inspected and by who.
- every 7 days by a competent person.
Identify factors that might cause the collapse of an independent tied scaffold.
- overloaded working platform
- standards not up right
- incorrect couplers
- high winds/bad weather
- incompetent workmen
to prevent falling material from stacked storage, what are the good housekeeping factors you can implement to prevent an accident/injury.
- storage areas should be clearly defined
- separate areas for each item
- easily identified items
- clean and tidy areas
- use of signage to identify risks
- routine inspections
Types of Temporary Works
- building maintenance
- renovation
- demolition
list Hazards of excavations work
- striking buried services
cables
water pipe
human remains - collapse
- people/cars/objects falling in
- flooding
- hazardous substance
- collapsing adjacent structures
Excavation control measures
- Shoring
close sheeting - like poles lining the gap - Trench Box
metal box - drops in a hole
Control measures to prevent striking underground services
- CAT scan
- Plans of the area
- trial digging
- hand dig with spade
inspection requirements for temporary works
- before every shift
- after accidental fall of material
- after any likely event to affect integrity
Identify hazards possibly found on a demolition site
- premature collapse
- working at height
- plant, veg, machinery
- buried services
- asbestos
- dust
- explosives
- bio hazards
Identify factors that could cause a forklift to overturn
- cornering too fast
- uneven load
- potholes
- elevated load while driving
- excessive braking
Identify locations collisions between vehicles in the workplace
- other vets
- other peds
- fixed obj
With regards to workplace transport control measures, what should they be designed around.
- the workplace environment
- the vehicle
- the driver
Outline the control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks created by vehicle operations within a workplace
- training for both drivers and pedestrians
- adequate use of lighting
- traffic routes
- speed limits
- one way systems
Identify the hazards for driving at work.
Hint: “Step one of ANY Risk Assessment”
- journey distance
- driving hours
- work schedules
- stress due to traffic
- weather conditions
Identify the health and safety rules for company car drivers.
- All drivers must have current and valid driving licence and must be familiarised to the vet.
- all vehicles must carry comprehensive insurance for use at work
- plan the journey in advance to avoid dangerous delays
- drivers need to conform to road rules and legislation within the country they are in.
Outline the benefits of the managing work related road safety.
- reduced cost
wear and tear
fuel
insurance - improved vet availability
etc
Identify factors that heighten risks involving pedestrians and moving vehicles.
- lack of pedestrian walk ways
- lack of segregation between pedestrians and vets.
- lack of high vis
- roads are too narrow with insufficient parking areas
- poor use of signage
- lack of barriers along roadways
- etc…..
Identify ergonomic factors that influence risk relate to the task, the environment and equipment.
- Repetition
- Force
- Posture
- Twisting
- Rest
Expand WRULDs.
Work Related Upper Limb Disorders
Identify typical musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs).
- back injuries/pain
- WRULDs
- Other chronic soft tissue injuries
What repetitive activities could result with WRULD.
- machinist
- bricklaying
- carpet fitting
- call centre
- plasterer
Identify the main symptoms of WRULD
- back pain
- neck and shoulder ache
- swollen joints
- soft tissue swelling
- tingling feeling in fingers
- numbness in hands
- pins and needles
What is Ergonomics
Interaction between he work and the work is determined by the tools they’re using, environment and physical capabilities
Identify the control measures that should be implemented to reduce the risk of DSE injuries
- provide DSE workstation eqpt
- workstation Risk Assessment
- working routine
- provide free eye test for DSE users
Identify the health risks that can arise due to the use of DSE.
- WRULDS
- eye strain
- headaches
- fatigues
- stress
Definition of Manual Handling
The lifting, carrying, pushing and pulling of a load by bodily force.
Identify the common injuries that occur when carrying out a manual handling task.
- tendon and ligament damage
- hernia
- trapped nerve
- cuts and bruises
- burns
- dislocation
Manual handling risk assessments focus on four main factors.
Hint: TILE
- task
- individual
- load
- environment
Identify the topics for a manual handling training programme.
- Legislation
- Risk Assessment
- type of Injuries
- hazardous manual handling operations
- correct use of manual handling aids
- correct use of PPE
- adapt working environment
- principles of good housekeeping
- individual capabilities
- good lifting technique
Identify general requirements for safe lifting operations.
- load within safe capacity
- careful siting - flat level firm ground
- maintained and examined
- trained operators
- overload indicators work
- eqpt should be strong enough and suitable for task.
- visibly marked with Safe Working Load (SWL)
- planned
- supervised by competent person
- check weather conditions
- use of PPE
Expand LOLER
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment…
- every 12 months
not used to carry people - every 6 months
when used to carry people - every 6 months - lifting accessories
Identify the hazards associated with crane and its operation.
- overloading causing collapse
- structural failure
- jib or boom striking structures
- moving and/or falling load
- load strikes obj or people
- uneven or unstable ground
- not using outriggers correctly
- use in high winds
Expand PUWER
Provision Use of Work Equipment Regulations
What is the primary use of PUWER
protect people at work
What is the hierarchy of control under PUWER?
- fixed guards
- other guards/devices
- protection appliances
- Information, Instruction, Training, Supervision (IITS)
what are the different types of maintenance requirements
- planned preventative maintenance
- condition based maintenance
- breakdown maintenance
Identify specific hazards for maintenance staff.
- exposure to moving parts - guards removed.
- safety devised removed or disabled
- power sources exposed
- stored power release
compressed spring - manual handling - heavy parts
- additional hazards - power tools
Identify the precautions that should be used when carrying out maintenance work.
- RA/SSW/PTW
- competent staff
- power sources isolated/locked off.
- stored power released/secured
-cover Iive parts with insulating materials
use appropriate PPE.
- if dangerous moving parts are accessed
run at slow speed
fit purpose made maintenance guards. - precautions for safe access
- use manual handling aids
Equipment controls should be
- well designed
- easy to use
- within reach
- suitably located
- easily identifiable
- kept in working order
- comply with standards
Emergency stop controls or cords should
stop the machine safely and in an emergency.
Identify the workers responsibility when using eqpt.
- operate eqpt authorised and as trained
- carry out pre use check
- report defects
- keep eqpt in safe good working order
- don’t use alcohol under the influence
identify hazards when using hand tools
- loose handles
- damaged tools
- blunt tool
- incompetent worker
- misuse - wrong tool for job
identify consequences when using hand tools
- cuts
- splinters
- abrasion
- puncture injuries
- impact
- eye injury
Identify precautions in using hand tools safely
- use right tools for job
- use the right tool for the job
- pre use checks
Outline the benefits to an organisation of having a health and safety committee
- it shows the management commitment to health and safety which promotes a good health and safety culture
- provides a way of communicating to employees sect 2 HSAWA 74
- allows consultation with employee representative on matters of health an safety
- provides written record of health and safety actions taken which can be distributed to workers.
- holds record of such meetings to prove diligence
- allows management to get feedback from the workforce attending the meeting on health and safety matters
- provides an opportunity to focus on health and safety. by reporting on how the company is performing against targets
- provides a forum for feedback to the workforce on results of proactive monitoring such a audits an inspections which indicates if standards have improved or got worse.
Outline the topics for an induction training programme for new employees to make them aware and help reduce the number of accidents in the workplace.
Making them aware of:
- site safety rules
- their personal responsibilities to prevent accidents.
- procedures for reporting potential accident situations e
- the main hazards in the workplace an consequences of uncontrolled exposure to them.
- how to obtain PPE
- fire prevention procedures - good housekeeping
- prohibitions in the workplace - no smoking areas
- safe means of entrance/exit to site
Outline reasons why the workplace emergency procedures should be practised on a regular basis.
- to satisfy legal, insurance and company requirements
- ensure procedures are effective.
- to test the time it takes for evacuation
- enable people with roles and responsibility to practise - fire wardens
- enable employees to become familiar with evacuation routes
- ensure vulnerable people have safe arrangements for evacuation within emergency
- test equipment and services
- prevent panic in a real evacuation.
An organisation is considering expanding onto a share site.
Outline the factors to consider when carrying out a risk assessment of the first aid provision.
- number, size and distribution of the workforce.
- hazard types, even of his present in the workplace and past history of injuries
- proximity to local emg services
- facilities/resources provided - number fo FA kits.
- ability to provide continued cover through shift patterns
- willingness to share positions between organisations.
Outline three health and safety matters on which employers must consult their employees.
- intro of any measure at the workplace that could sustainably affect employees.
- arrangements for appointing competent persons to assist in complying with health and safety req.
- planning and org of health an safety training
- any info resulting from the risk assessments and their control measures
Identify factors that should be considered when planning an inspection programme
- nature of hazard
- competence
- management involved
- route to be taken
- frequency
- recording format
- consultation
- previous inspections
- legislation
- cost
An employee slipped on a patch of oil on a workplace floor and was admitted immediately into hospital where he stayed for several days.
The oil was found close to a stack of pallets that had been left on a designated walkway.
Identify four possible immediate causes…
- oil leaking on the floor from damaged container.
- slippery floor, not been cleaned up
- horseplay
- employee rushing in workplace
- inappropriate footwear
- inadequate lighting
- pallets blocking walkway, creating a detour route
An employee slipped on a patch of oil on a workplace floor and was admitted immediately into hospital where he stayed for several days.
The oil was found close to a stack of pallets that had been left on a designated walkway.
Identify four possible root causes of the accident.
- poor safety culture
- poor staff morale
- inadequate risk assessment
- poor level of eqpt maintenance - caused the oil leak
- too much work so the clean up was missed
- poor storage areas
- lack of spillage procedure or access to resources
- lack of supervision
Identify mechanical hazards from machinery.
Hint: FACES DICES
Friction Abrasion Cutting Entanglement Shearing - guillotine effect
Drawing in - Conveyor belt Impact Crushing Ejection Stabbing / puncture
Identify the non mechanical hazards which are associated with machinery.
- electricity
- noise
- vibration
- hazardous substances
- radiation
- ergonomics
- fire
Expand PUWER
Power
Use of
Equipment
Regs
Identify control measures for machinery.
- fixed guards
- adjustable guards
- interlocked guards
microwave/washing machine - sensitive protective devices
- two hand controls
- hold to run controls
- emg stop controls
- protective appliances
jig
clamp
push sticks - IITS
- PPE
Basic requirements for guards and other safety devices.
- good construction, adequate strength
- maintained
- securely held in place
- allow operator carry out maintenance without removing guard
- safe distance from danger zone
- doesn’t increase risk
Types of Trip devices.
- pressure safety mats
- trip bars
mechanical - photoelectric
light curtain
Identify controls to reduce the risk of injury when using a mains powered hand drill.
- use guards where possible
- pre use check
- operator training
- job rotation
- PPE - hearing refs for noise
3 things required for a fire to exist.
- Fire
- Oxygen
- Heat
Classifications of FIRE
A - Solid material
B - Flammable liquid
C - flammable gas
D - metals
F - high temperature fat
Identify common causes of fire in the workplace
- electrical eqpt
- deliberate ignition
- hot work
- smoking
- cooking appliances
- heating appliance
- unsafe use and storage of flammable materials
- mechanical heat
- chemical heat
Principles of heat transmission and fire spread.
- conduction
- convention
- radiation
- direct burn
Identify common causes and three consequences of fire in workplaces.
- arson
- electrical fire
- smoking
damage to buildings
smoke damage - cost for clean up is high
people killed/injured
environmental damage
3 reasons to carry out a Fire Risk Assessment.
- prevent harm to people
- comply with the law
- minimise costs of fire within workplace
Expand RRFSO
Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order 2005
Identify 3 enforcements an enforcement agency can issue.
- Enforcement notice
improvements to be made - Prohibition notice
restricting use of part or all of premises until improvement made - Alternations notice
require high risk premises to inform authorities before changes are made.
Identify fire hazards for a risk assessment.
sources of…
- ignition
- fuel
- oxygen
Expand CDM Regs
Construction
Design
Management
Regs 2015
Identify who might require special circumstances for fire evacuation.
- disabled
- elderly
- visual/hearing impaired
Control measures to minimise the risk in a fire within the workplace.
- control combustibles
- control flammable material
- ensure good housekeeping
define Flashpoint
Lowest temp a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in the air near the surface of the liquid.
characteristics of a fire door
- self closing
- intumescent strip
- cold smoke seal
- vision panel - fire proof glass
- clearly labelled
- rated withstand a fire for a min period of time
Identify the controls that should be implemented when carrying out hot work
- flammable materials are removed from the work areas
- items that can’t be removed are covered with fire blankets
- floor is swept clean
Identify the control measures within a building to control the spread of a fire
- compartmentation
- fire doors
- fire proof materials
- sprinkler systems
2 types of smoke detectors
- optical
- ionising
types of heat detector
- rate of rise
- fixed temperature
Types of fire extinguisher
- water
- carbon dioxide
- dry powder
- wet chemical
- foam
Identify means of escape from a fire
- available to every person
- take staff to ultimate safety
- 2 or more routes may be required
- travel distance should be short as possible
- adequate width
- clearly signed
- appropriately lit
- emergency lighting
- no use of lifts
- no obstructions
Emergency Escape Lighting has to…
- indicate escape routes
- be well maintained
- be routinely inspected and tested
What makes a good assembly point for workers to congregate after an evacuation.
- clearly signed
- safe location and away from buildings
- out the way of fire fighting with the ability to move further away if needed.
Define refuge
A place of seasonable safety
Every emergency evacuation plan must include:
- actions event of fire
- how to sound the alarm
- call the emergency services
- safe isolation of machinery
- Evac from the building
- fire assembly
Fire marshals responsibilities
- check if alarm has been raised
- call emg services
- check areas are evacuated
- assist disabled workers
- ensure fire escape routes are clear
Identify the general principles that should be applied when establishing means of escape.
- allows everyone to escape
- allow able bodied to travel entire route under their own effort
- take a person from safety where ever they are in the workplace
- two or more escape routes
Identify hazards working with electricity.
- shock
- burns
internal and external - fire
- secondary effects
Control measure when working with electricity.
lower the voltage, lowers the potential damage
higher the voltage or amps…
the more damage it will do
2 ways of getting an electric shock.
- Direct Contact with a live conductor
- Indirect contact with a conductor that shouldn’t be live.
Control measures to prevent electric shock.
fuses
earths
isolation
double insolation
RCD
reduce low voltage
Electrical eqpt may be exposed to hazardous environments such as…
- Weather
- Natural hazards
- Extreme temps/pressure
- Dirty conditions
- Corrosive conditions
- Liquids and vapours
- Flammable substances
Identify the emergency procedures during an electrical incident.
- don’t touch casualt
- call for help
- isolate the power and person
- call ambulance
- check breathing
recovery position
start CPR - treat burns
- treat for physical shock
how do you maintain portable electrical appliances
- visual check
- form visual inspection
- combination of both
Identify the user checks and procedures before using electrical appliances
check to see if label is fitted and is in date
check socket, flex and eqpt for damage
report faults and take faulty eqpt out of use
four advantages and disadvantages for portable appliance testing.
Pros:
- detects faults not visible to the eye
- early removal/repair of eqpt
- demos legal compliance
- identifies fault trends
Cons:
- provides proof of safety at one moment in time
- doesn’t ensure safe use or misuse
- items may be missed - untested
- can’t be applied to all eqpt
Identify forms of chemical agents.
- Solid
- Dust
- Fibres
- Fume
- Liquid
- Mist - deodorant
- Vapour
- Gas
Identify forms of biological agents.
- Fung/mould
- Bacteria
- Viruses
Identify classifications of Chemicals Hazardous to health.
- physio-chemical
- health
- environmental
Main classifications of chemicals
- irritation
- skin corrosion
- aspiration hazard
- germ cell mutation
Define affects of skin corrosion
- destroys living tissue on contact.
Identify 4 routes of entry for hazardous substances
- breathing
- eating
- skin contact
- Injection
what is the most harmful route of entry
inhalation - you can’t prevent is unless you provide sufficient ventilation.
2 methods of defence mechanisms against bio hazards
- cellular
- superficial
Identify the factors to consider when carrying out an assessment of hazardous substances.
- nature of substance
- possible ill effects?
- physical form
- route of entry?
- quantity
- chem concentration
- number of people
- freq and duration of exposure
three common sources of information about hazardous substances can be found….
- product label
- safety data sheet
- guidance notes
Definer workplace exposure limit.
maximum concentration of an airborne substance
averaged over a reference period
to which employees may be exposited by inhalation.
expand WEL
workplace
exposure
limit
Expand LEV
local
exhaust
ventilation
identify the reason why the effectiveness of a LEV may be reduced
- lack of maint
- damaged duct
- blocked filter
- insufficient fan
Expand PPM
Planned
Preventive
Maint
Identify other possible workplace circumstances where a worker could be exposed to blood borne viruses
undertakers
tattoo parlour
Outline precautions that will reduce the risks from exposure to blood borne viruses
prohibit eating, smoking in risk areas
- provide SSW
- avoid exposure to sharps
- use PPE - visors/glasses
- jabs
Identify contributory factors that increases the risk of HAVS.
- freq of use
- duration of use
- level of vibration
- poor circulation
- personnel susceptible
- cold and wet work
identify health effects of exposure to UV radiatoin
skin cancer
early raging skin
burns to skin
inflammation of the eyeball
Causes of stress and control measures
Hint: PUMELL
Poor Realtions
Unclear job role
Management of change
Excessive Demands
Lack of Control
Lack of Support
definition of stress
adverse reaction of excessive pressure on a person
