Element 3 Principles of Prevention Flashcards
3 levels of H and S control measures
Workplace precautions
Risk Control Systems
Management Controls
8 Principles of Prevention
Avoid risks Evaluate risks that can't be avoided - RA Combat risks at source Adapt work to the individual Adapt to technical progress Coherent Overall Prevention Policy Collective Measures over Individual Appropriate instructions
Hierarchies of control
Engineering > Procedural > Behavioural
ISO45001 Hierarchy
ESEAP Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative - training, signs, markings, permits etc PPE
ERIC SP
Eliminate
Reduce
Isolate (peoplE0
Control - enineering e.g. LEV
- organisational e.g. job rotation
SSoW - e.g. SOPs, method statements, PTWs
PPE - last resort as accident already happened
Key Sources of H and S Info
Internal
Knowlwedge and experience
Accident/illness stats
records of previous reactive and proactive monitoring
Audits and reviews
Other records - training, safety committe etc
External Legislation ACoPs HSE Product Info Relevant Standards Trade associations Experts/consultants
When is a SSoW needed?
When hazards cannot be eliminated and degree of risk remains after control measures introduced
Approaches to identifying hazards
JSA (job safety analysis)
Break down tasks and id hazards at each stage
Approaches to identifying hazards
MEEP
Materials
Equipement
Environment
People
Approaches to identifying hazards
What
Who
Where
How
Approaches to identifying hazards
4Ps
Premises
Plant
Procedures
People
Confined Spaces SSoW
Find alternative if possible e.g. CCTV Well supervised Competent Good communication Monitoring atmosphere Gas purging Ventilation Isolation from plant PPE Access and egress Fire Lighting Static Electricity Limited time PTW Emergency arrangements
Lone Working SSoW
Avoid if possible method statement Competence and fitness of worker Good communications Emergency procedure
Activities requiring PTW
Confined Space Hot work Live electrical Work at height Specialist maintenance
Key features of a PTW
should ensure authorisation of work location and nature of work methos statement limits on work - and time id hazards and precautions prominently displayed provide record of continuous control safe hand back
Key stages of a PTW
Issue
Acceptance
Handback
Cancellation
Additionalprocedures required for extension or shift handover
4 criteria for PPE
Apt for the risks and conditions
Apt for ergonomic needs and health of wearer
Fit correctly
Effective in controlling risk
PPE is a last resort because…
doesn't prevent accident only protects wearer relies on correct use may impede movement, visibility, comms may only be effective for a limited time or in certain circumstances danger if it fails requires regular inspection/maintenance
When should PPE be used?
short term activity where no other control feasible
supplement to other measures
temporary measure
certain maintenance procedures e.g. cleaning LEV
PPE General duties
examination/testing cleaning repair replacement safe storage Info and training report if lost or defective
PPE Head protection
crash helmets, safety helmets, caps and hair nets
PPE Eye protection
Specs
Goggles
Face shields
Mechanical - flying debris
Chemical/Biological - splashes, fumes
Radiation - IR, laser, glare, UV
PPE Body protection
jackets, trousers, aprons, labcoats, warm clothes, cuffed clothing
PPE Gloves and gauntlets
cuts, hot and cold handling, punctures etc
PPE Foot protection
Impact, comprression, slip resistant, hot, cold, anti-static etc
2 types of RPE
Respirators - filter out contaminats
BA - provides breathable air from clean source
Respirators
Simple filtering - dust masks up toones with exchangable cartridges
Power assisted - filtering and positive airflow to breathing zone prevents ingress of contaminated air
BA, 3 types
Air hose - simple pipe to clean air, lung powered
Air line - powered supply from compressor
Self contained open circuit or closed
Safety signs general
Required if a risk not adequately controlled if it can help
Not a substitute for controls
Need a pictogram, can’t rely on text
Safety Signs Meanings
Red - Prohibition Yellow - warning Blue- mandatory Green - Safe condition (emergency exits, first aid etc Red - Fire fighting equipment
Emergency Procedures
Procedure in place Competent people No access to danger areas if untrained Part of RA Prior contact with emergency services
What is First Aid
preserving life, minimising consequences of injury until help arrives
treatment of minor injuries
What determines First Aid needs?
Nature of work and workplace hazards and risks
Size of organisation
Nature of workforce e.g. young, trainees, pregnant
History of accidents
Lone workers
Work patterns
Distribution of workers (multiple buildings)
Remoteness of site from medical services
Shared sites
Covering leave and sickness of first aiders
Non employees
First Aid appointed person
where first aider deemed uneccessary. looks after equipment, call em services
