Electrophilic Addition Flashcards
What is an electrophile?
An electron deficient atom which is positive/ delta positive ion or molecule that can attract areas of high electron density in a covalent bond.
What does a bond making curly arrow look like?
Goes from a lone pair an atom.
What does a bond breaking curly arrow look like?
Goes from a bond to an atom.
What does a bond transfer curly arrow look like?
Goes from a bond to a different bond.
What are the reagents used in electrophilic addition?
-Sulphuric acid ( d+ H-O d-SO3H)
-hydrogen bromide (d+ H-Br d-)
-bromine (d+ Br-Br d-)
Why is bromine used?
It is the test for alkenes.
What are the steps to electrophilic addition?
-Double bond is transferred to the delta positive element in reagent.
-Bond breaks in reagent.
-Carbon cation forms at where the double bond was and attracts the lone pair on the delta negative element.
-Hydrogen on carbon cation is replaced by delta negative element.
What is the positive inductive effect?
-Carbon chains push electron density towards the positive carbon cation making it more stable.
What is the difference between a minor and major product?
-Minor will have a less stable carbon cation (e.g a primary carbon cation as it only has one carbon chain attached).
-A major product will have a more stable carbon cation ()e.g secondary or tertiary carbon cation which will have two or three carbon chains attached).
