Alkanes-Fractional Distilation

Question 1

What is an alkane?

Answer 1

A saturated hydrocarbon homologous series with the general formula of CnH2n+2

Question 2

What is petroleum?

Answer 2

A mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons and can be separated by fractional distillation.

Question 3

What does saturated mean?

Answer 3

Single bonds only.

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

A chemical made of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 5

What is the process of fractional distillation?

Answer 5

-Crude oil is vapourised.
-The vapour is passed into a fractioning column which is hotter at the bottom and colder at the top.
-As the vapour rises it cools so molecules will condense at different heights as they have different boiling points.
-Th larger the molecules the lower down in the column it condenses due to the stronger Van der Waal’s forces.

Question 6

What is a fraction?

Answer 6

A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

Question 7

As the carbon chain gets longer what happens to the hydrocarbons?

Answer 7

-Become more viscous.
-Harder to ignite.
-Less violate.
-Have higher boiling points.

Question 8

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 8

A process which separates multiple liquids with different boiling points.

Question 9

What is the order of the fractions from highest to lowest boiling point?

Answer 9

-Fuel gases
-Gasoline
-Naphtha
-Kerosene
-Diesel
-Residue