Electrons and Bonding Flashcards
What happens to energy as shell number increases?
Increases
What is the principal quantum number?
The shell number or energy level number
What is an atomic orbital?
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
1 or 2
What are the 4 types of orbital?
S, P, D, F
What is the shape of the electron cloud of an S orbital?
Spherical
What happens to the shape of S orbital as there is a greater shell number?
The radius increases simultaneously
What is the shape of a P orbital? How are they orientated?
Dumb-bell shaped, there are 3 p-orbitals at right angles to each other
What happens to the p orbital as shell number increases?
The p orbital moves further away from the nucleus
How many orbitals do d and f orbitals have?
D=5
F=7
What do opposite spins help to counteract?
The repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons
Define ‘ionic bonding’
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is the arrangement of a giant ionic lattice?
Ions surrounded by oppositely charged ions
What structure are ionic compounds at room temperature? Why?
Solids, insufficient energy to overcome strong electrostatic forces of attractions between oppositely charged ions
What are the boiling and melting points of ionic compounds like?
High, requires a large amount of energy to overcome strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions.
