Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only.

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2
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon that has single bonds only

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3
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon that contains carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds

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4
Q

Define ‘homologous series’

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group

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5
Q

What does functional group mean?

A

The part of the organic molecule that is responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

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6
Q

Define the term ‘aliphatic hydrocarbon’

A

Carbon atoms joined to each other in branched, unbranched or non-aromatic rings

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7
Q

Define the term ‘alicyclic hydrocarbon’

A

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures with or without branches

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8
Q

Define the term ‘aromatic hydrocarbon’

A

Some or all carbons found in a benzene ring

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9
Q

What do alkynes contain?

A

One or more triple carbon-carbon bond

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10
Q

What does the molecular formula show?

A

The number and type of atoms of each element present, but doesn’t show atoms are joined together.

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11
Q

What is the general formula?

A

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

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12
Q

What does the displayed formula show?

A

The relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

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13
Q

What two things does skeletal formulae show?

A

Carbon skeleton

Any Functional Groups

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14
Q

Define the term ‘structural isomers’

A

Compounds with same molecular formulae but different structural formulae

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15
Q

What happens to electrons during homolytic fission?

A

When the covalent bond breaks, each of the atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond. Each atom left with a single unpaired electron

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16
Q

What is a radical?

A

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron

17
Q

What happens to electrons during heterolytic fission?

A

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond.

18
Q

What ions are formed during heterolytic fission?

A

Negative Ion- the atom that takes both electrons

Positive Ion- the atom that doesn’t take any electrons

19
Q

What does a reaction mechanism show?

A

How a chemical reaction takes place

20
Q

What do curly arrows show?

A

The movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made

21
Q

What happens during an addition reaction?

A

Two reactants join together to form one product

22
Q

What happens during a substitution reaction?

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

23
Q

What does an elimination reaction involve?

A

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one. One reactant forms two products.