Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

1/1836th of the mass of a proton

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2
Q

What is the mass of a proton/neutron?

A

1

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3
Q

Define atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with same number of protons, different number of neutrons and different masses.

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5
Q

What does ‘A’ represent?

A

A is the mass number (number of protons + number of neutrons)

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6
Q

What does ‘Z’ represent?

A

Z is the atomic number ( number of protons)

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7
Q

Do isotopes of the same element react differently? Why?

A

No. Isotopes of same element have same number of electrons, only a different number of neutrons and therefore there is no effect on reactions of element.

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8
Q

Do isotopes have different physical properties?

A

Yes. Higher mass isotopes may have higher boiling points, melting points and densities.

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9
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom where the number of electrons is different to the number of protons.

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10
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion. Number of electrons fewer than number of protons. Overall positive charge.

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11
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negative ion. Number of electrons greater than number of protons. Overall negative charge.

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12
Q

Why can you not add together all relative masses of proton, neutron and electron to get total mass?

A

Strong nuclear force holding together the protons and neutrons comes at the expense of a loss of a small proportion of mass

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13
Q

What is the standard isotope used?

A

Carbon-12

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14
Q

Define relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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15
Q

Define relative atomic mass

A

The weighted mean mass if an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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16
Q

What two factors does the weighted mean mass take into account?

A

Percentage abundance of each isotope

Relative isotopic mass of each isotope

17
Q

What equipment is used to calculate percentage abundance of isotopes?

A

Mass Spectrometer

18
Q

Describe process of using mass spectrometer

A
Sample placed in mass spectrometer
Sample is vaporised 
Sample is ionised to form positive ions
Ions are accelerated
Heavier ions move more slowly, isotopes are separated
Ions are detected on mass spectrum
19
Q

What does m/z signify?

A

mass to charge ratio. Relative mass of the ion/ relative charge on ion