Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

-OH

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2
Q

What is the hydroxyl group responsible for?

A

Physical and Chemical properties

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3
Q

What is methanol used for?

A

High performance fuel

Chemical feedstock

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4
Q

What is ethanol used for?

A

Alcoholic drinks

Fuel

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5
Q

How do alcohols physical properties differ from the corresponding alkane?

A

Alcohols have a higher melting point, less volatile and have a greater solubility in water than the corresponding alkane

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6
Q

What intermolecular forces are present in an alcohol? Why?

A

Alcohols have London forces present
They also have a polar O-H bond
Hydrogen bonds between O-H group

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7
Q

Why do alcohols have a lower volatility than alkanes?

A

Presence of OH group and hydrogen bond
Requires more energy to overcome than weak London forces
Changes state less easily and so is less volatile

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8
Q

Why are alcohols soluble?

A

Can form hydrogen bonds with water

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9
Q

What happens to the difference in properties of alkanes and alcohols as chain becomes longer?

A

The influence of the -OH group becomes less and solubility of hydrocarbon reduces and becomes more similar to that of the alkane

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10
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

-OH group attached to a carbon atom that is attached to 2 hydrogen atoms and an alkyl group

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11
Q

What is an exception to the primary alcohol rule?

A

Methanol

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12
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

-OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is attached to one hydrogen atom and two alkyl groups

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13
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

-OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is attached to no hydrogens and three alkyl groups

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14
Q

What is the usual oxidising mixture?

A

Potassium dichromate

Acidified with dilute sulfuric acid

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15
Q

What colour change occurs during oxidation?

A

Orange- Green

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16
Q

What alcohol can form carboxylic acids?

A

Primary alcohol under reflux

17
Q

How are aldehydes formed?

A

Heating of a primary alcohol under distillation conditions to remove aldehyde as it is produced

18
Q

How is a carboxylic acid formed?

A

Primary alcohol heated strongly under reflux with an excess of potassium dichromate

19
Q

What are secondary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Ketones

Under Reflux

20
Q

What are the conditions for a dehydration reaction of an alcohol?

A
Reflux 
Acid Catalyst (phosphoric acid catalyst or sulfuric acid conc.)
21
Q

What type of reaction is dehydration?

A

Elimination

22
Q

What are the conditions for making a haloalkane from an alcohol?

A

Reflux
Sulfuric Acid
Sodium Halide