electronegativity and polartiy Flashcards
What is electronegativity?
It is the ability to attract shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
What is a dipole?
It is the uneven distribution of charge creating partial positive and negative charges on molecules
What is polar and non polar bond?
polar : Where there is unequal distribution of electrons/ bond between two different atoms are poalr.
non polar: where there is equal distribution of electrons./ bond between two same atoms are non polar
What is the trend of electronegativity across the period?
electronegativity increases across the period. Because as we move across volume decreases and charge increases hence charge density increases.
What is the trend of electronegativity down the group?
It decreases down the group. Because the volume of the atom increases down the group and charge density decreases.
What are the factors affecting electronegativity?
1) atomic size (smaller the size larger the electronegativity)
2) greater nuclear charge, greater the electronegativity ( as nucleus can pull electron more)
3) smaller the shielding greater the electronegativity
What are the two types of covalent bond?
non polar and polar
When is a bond polar?
When electronegativity difference is exists. Any bond formed with F O N Cl is polar because they are too electronegative.
What is dipole moment?
Movement of electrons towards electronegative element with a certain force.
is C double bond more polar or C single bond?
Double because it has two pull 2 electrons.
What is a polar and non polar molecule?
polar : A net dipole moment is created
non polar: a molecule with no net dipole moment
When can a molecule be non polar?
1) All its bonds a non polar
2) dipole moments cancel out
When central atom is bonded to similar atom and central atom has no lone pair, then dipole moments will cancel out and its molecule will be nonpolar.
When is a molecule polar?
When central atom is bonded to different atoms or it has a lone pair.
When can a molecule be polar and non polar in AB5 category?
If the axial bonds are bonded to the same atom and the equatorial bonds are bonded to the same atoms the molecule is non polar, in any other case the molecule is polar.
When can a molecule be polar and non polar in AB6 category?
If the axial bonds are bonded to the same atom and the equatorial bonds are bonded to the same atoms the molecule is non polar, in any other case the molecule is polar.
