Electron trends Flashcards
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers
An orbital can hold two electrons at most and only if they have opposite spins
Ground state
when e- are in lowest possible energy configuration
Excited state
Any state other than ground state
Periodic law
When elements are arranged by atomic numbers, their chemical and physical properties vary periodically
Atomic radius
End of atom has no real end
Decreases with increasing atomic number
Increases with period number
This is because the the bigger the nucleus, the smaller the charge
Ionization energy
First ionization energy (or potential) is the minimum energy to remove the outermost electron from the neutral atom in the gaseous state
Increases with atomic number
Second ionization energy
To remove electron from positive ion
Periodic trends (metallic)
Left to right: less metallic (high ionization energy)
Up to down: more metallic (low ionization energy)
Basic oxides
Reacts with acids
Acidic oxides
Reacts with bases
Amphoteric oxide
Both acidic and basic properties
Hydrogen (1s1)
Colourless gas does not share properties with other groups (metallic properties at very high temperatures)
1A- Alkali metals
Soft, reactive (go up as you move down)
React with water to produce hydrogen
2A- Alkaline earth metals
Less reactive
Basic oxides
3A (ns2np1)
Big jump in metallic characteristics
