Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biochem > Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

Incomplete oxidation in ketogenesis results in?

A

incomplete oxidation of fatty acids resulting in less energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anything produced in the cytoplasm is transported to?

A

the mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain?

A

The NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons to reduce molecular O2 to H2O.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ETC takes place in _______ where all of the electron carriers are present.

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

A

The function of ETC is to facilitate the controlled release of free energy that was stored in reduced cofactors during catabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What plays a critical role in forming and utilizing the proton gradient to synthesize ATP?

A

mitochondrial structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where in the mitochondria is ATP synthesized?

A

matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is energy released?

A

when electrons are transported from higher energy NADH/FADH2 to lower energy O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The coupling of ATP synthesis to NADH/FADH2 oxidation is called?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ is responsible for 90% of total ATP synthesis in the cell.

A

oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The oxidized compound [loses/gains] electrons.

A

loses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The reduced compound [loses/gains] electrons.

A

gains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What acts as a mechanism for storing energy?

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The electron transport chain is in which part of the mitochondria?

A

in the cristae (the folded inner membrane) of the mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most of the electron transport chain’s components are?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A _______ and a _______ shuttle between protein complexes.

A

lipid soluble coenzyme (Q); water soluble protein (cyt c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the ETC work?

A

Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ATP synthesis (phosphorylation) must be coupled to?

A

to the generation of a H+ reservoir/pH gradient (oxidation) between the mitochondrial membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Every 4 H would constitute _____ ATP.

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When electrons are transported along the components of the ETC, what happens to the accompanying protons?

A

they are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Part of the free energy harvested during the ETC is used to?

A

to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The resulting uneven distribution of protons generates?

A

a pH gradient and a charge gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

23
Q

The electrochemical potential energy generated by the pH and charge gradients is called _________.

A

Proton Motive Force

24
Q

The return of protons to the mitochondrial matrix is coupled to?

A

ATP synthesis

25
Q

Most drugs interfere with complex 4 which gives what effects?

A

side effect, carbon monoxide, cyanide which can kill because it blocks the ETC and results in no energy

26
Q

Electrons move from a carrier with [low/high] reduction potential toward carriers with [lower/higher] reduction potential.

A

low, higher

27
Q

What is the only enzyme in the Citric Acid Cycle that is membrane bound? (bound to inner mitochondrial membrane)

A

succinate dehydrogenase

28
Q

Cytochrome Oxidase is directly linked to?

A

Complex 4

29
Q

_________ and ________ are affected during apoptosis in pesticides

A

ubiquinone, cyt c

30
Q

Briefly explain the chemiosmotic hypothesis

A

Basically coupling electron flow through the ETC to ATP synthesis

31
Q

The respiratory complexes are _________.

A

proton pumps

32
Q

As electrons pass through complexes _________, hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space

A

I, III, and IV

33
Q

The proton concentration in the intermembrane space [decreases/increases] relative to the mitochondrial matrix

A

increases

34
Q

The proton-motive force is generated as a result of which two factos?

A

1) Difference in pH and 2) Difference in electrical potential, delta si, between intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.

35
Q

What is complex V?

A

ATP synthetase complex

36
Q

ATP synthesized in the matrix is transported out of the matrix via an ___________ (an antiport) also coupled to proton motive force

A

ATP/ADP translocase

37
Q

What is the malate-aspartate shuttle?

A

a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes

38
Q

What is the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle?

A

a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, a by-product of glycolysis. Its importance in transporting reducing equivalents is secondary to the malate-aspartate shuttle

39
Q

Why do we need the malate-aspartate shuttle?

A

to shuttle NADH to the mitochondrial matrix

40
Q

What does dinitrophenol do?

A

Dinitrophenol uncouples proton motive force and ATP synthesis

41
Q

_______ is the molecular motor of life.

A

ATP synthase complex

42
Q

What is done to protect vital organs during animal hibernation?

A

uncoupling proteins which generates metabolic heat

43
Q

ATP synthesis can be “uncoupled,” if the proton gradient is _______________.

A

prematurely dissipated or impeded

44
Q

What are involved in site complex I?

A

amytal & rotenone

45
Q

What is involved in site complex III?

A

antimycin A

46
Q

What is involved in site complex IV?

A

Cyanide (CN-), Sodium azide (N3-), CO

47
Q

What is amytal?

A

a type of barbiturate used in the treatment of severe sleeping disorders

48
Q

What is rotenone?

A

used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide

49
Q

What is antimycins?

A

active ingredient in Fintrol, a chemical piscicide (fish poison) used in fisheries management and in the catfish industry

50
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is [paternally/maternally] inherited.

A

maternally

51
Q

______ polypeptides required for oxidative phosphorylation are coded by ________.

A

13; mtDNA

52
Q

Defects in oxidative phosphorylation are a result of alterations in ________.

A

mtDNA

53
Q

Which tissues are affected by defects in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

CNS, Skeletal & heart muscles and Liver

biochem (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions