Electron configuration and periodicity Flashcards

1
Q

define the first ionisation energy

A

the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms

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2
Q

general equation for first ionisation energy

A

E(g) -> E+ (g) + e-

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3
Q

what is needed to remove an electron from an atom

A

energy

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4
Q

the larger the electrostatic attraction between the electron and the nucleus the

A

larger the ionisation energy

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5
Q

name three factors that affects ionisation energy

A
  • number of protons
  • the shielding
  • the size of the atom
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6
Q

why does the number of protons affect ionisation energy

A

the more protons the greater nuclear charge of the nucleus, so a stronger attraction between valence electrons and the nucleus

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7
Q

why does shielding effect ionisation energy

A

inner electrons shield the outer electrons from the positive pull of the nucleus

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8
Q

how does the size of the atom effect ionisation energy

A

greater distance between the outer electron and positive nucleus,weaker attraction

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9
Q

what is the number of successive ionisation energies equal to

A

the charge on the ion formed `

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10
Q

how does ionisation energy change across a period

A

it increases

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11
Q

why does ionisation energy increase across a period

A

with a greater number of protons this increases the nuclear charge,
creating a greater pull to the nucleus meaning more energy is needed to remove the electrons

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12
Q

how does ionisation energy change down a group

A

it decreases

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13
Q

why does the ionisation energy decrease down a group

A

the shielding and the number of electron shells increase, this outweighs effects of the nuclear charge. so the nuclear attraction is weaker and the electrons are easily removed

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14
Q

what does atomic emission spectroscopy show evidence of

A

electrons are present within an atom in quantum shells

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15
Q

in what shell are electron energies lowest

A

the first shell

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16
Q

what occurs when additional energy is provided to electrons

A

they are temporarily excited into a higher state, they then return to their more stable, lower energy state. this causes discrete energies to be emitted

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17
Q

what is the point of atomic emission spectroscopy

A

to identify the elements present within a substance

18
Q

how many electrons can fit the first quantum shell

A

two

19
Q

how many electrons can fit in the second electron shell

A

eight

20
Q

how many electrons can fit in the third quantum shell

A

eighteen

21
Q

how many electrons can fit in the fourth quantum shell

A

thirty two

22
Q

there is a large jump between the 8th and 9th ionisation energies for an element, how many electrons in its outer shell

A

eight

23
Q

what is an orbital

A

a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons of opposite spin

24
Q

what is the name and shape of the first orbital

A

s-orbital, it is spherical

25
Q

how many electrons can the s-orbital hold

A

two

26
Q

what is the shape of the p-orbital

A

dumbell

27
Q

how many electrons can the p-orbital hold

A

six

28
Q

how many electrons can the d-orbital hold

A

10 electrons

29
Q

how many electrons can the f-orbital hold

A

14 electrons

30
Q

write out the order of orbitals

A

s,p,d,f

31
Q

what is a sub-shell

A

a group of electrons of the same type of orbital within a shell

32
Q

write the order of subshells

A

1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d
6s 6p
7s

33
Q

how are the full structure of ions different

A

you must remove the 4s electrons before the 3d

34
Q

how are the structure of Cr and Cu different

A

you fill the 3d first, leaving 4s1

35
Q

why are Cr and Cu full structure different

A

because its more stable to include a 3d than 4s

36
Q

when do you fill out 4s2 after 3d

A

when the element is a transition metal

37
Q

what block is group 1 and 2 and hydrogen

A

the s block

38
Q

what block are the transition metals

A

the d block

39
Q

what block are the inner transition metals

A

the f block

40
Q

what block is group 0,3,4,5,6,7

A

the p block

41
Q

how are blocks decided in the periodic table

A

according to which sub-shell the last electron occupies

42
Q

define periodicity

A

a regularly repeating pattern of atomic, physical and chemical properties with increasing atomic number