Alcohols Flashcards
general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
describe a primary alcohol
one carbon is bonded to the carbon on the OH group
describe a secondary alcohol
two carbons are bonded to the carbon on the OH group
describe a tertiary alcohol
three carbons are bonded to the carbon on the OH group
general equation for reaction with oxygen (combustion)
ROH + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
what type of reaction is reactions with halogenoalkanes
substitution
Alcohol + phosphorus pentachloride –>
chloroalkane
general equation for reaction with phosphorus pentachloride (secondary + primary alcohols)
ROH + PCl5 –> RCl + HCl + POCl3
alcohol + hydrochloric acid –>
chloroalkane
general equation for reaction with hydrochloric acid (tertiary alcohols)
ROH + HCl –> RCl + H2O
alcohol + bromine ions –>
bromoalkane
conditions for reaction with bromine ions
- 50% concentrated H2SO4
(acid catalyst)
equations for reaction with bromine ions
KBr + H2SO4 –> HBr + KHSO4
ROH + HBr –> RBr + H2O
Alcohol + phosphorus triiodide –>
iodoalkane
equation for making phosphorus triiodide
2P + 3I2 –> 2PI3
(red phosphorus + iodine)
general equation for reaction with phosphorus triiodide
3ROH + PI3 –> 3RI + H3PO3
name of H3PO3
phosphonic acid
what type of reaction forms alkenes
elimination
what is needed for an elimination reaction
- concentrated acid catalyst
(concentrated phosphoric acid- H3PO4)