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Physics > Electromagnetism > Flashcards

Electromagnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

What does an electric current in a conductor produce?

A

an electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field around it

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2
Q

What is the relatonship between electric current and the magnetic field?

A

the larger the current, the stronger the magnetic field

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3
Q

What does the direction of the magnetic field depend on?

A

the direction of the magnetic field depends on the direction of current

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4
Q

What is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field?

A

force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

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5
Q

What is the relationship between the force exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field and the strength of the field and the current?

A

the force exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field increases with the strength of the field and the current

The magnitude (strength) of a force increases with the strength of the magnetic field

The magnitude (strength) of a force increases with the amount of current passing through the conductor

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6
Q

What happens when a current-carrying wire is put between magnetic poles?

A

when a current-carrying wire is put between magnetic poles, the two magnetic fields affect one another

the result is a force on the wire which can cause the wire to move

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7
Q

Why does a current-carrying wire move when put between two magnetic poles?

A

charged particles (e.g. electrons in a current) moving through a magnetic field will experience a force, as long as they are not moving parallel to the field lines

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8
Q

How does a current-carrying wire expereince full force?

A

the wire has to be at 90o

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9
Q

What happens if a current-carrying wire runs along the magnetic field? What about at angles in between?

A

a current-carrying wire running along the magnetic field won’t experience any force at all

a current-carrying wire running along the magnetic field at angles in between will experience some force

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10
Q

How do you reverse the direction of the force?

A

reversing the current or the magnetic field also reverses the direction of the force

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11
Q

Sketch the magnetic field patters for a straight wire

A

the field is made up of concentric circles with the wire in the cntre

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12
Q

Sketch the magnetic field patters for a flat ciruclar coil

A

the magnetic field in the centre of a flat circular coild of the wire is similar to that of a bar magnet

there are concentric ellipses (stretched circles) of magnetic field lines areoung the coil

(the brown line is the current)

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13
Q

Sketch the magnetic field patters for a solenoid

A

the magnetic field inside a current-carrying solenoid (a coil of wire) is strong and uniform

outside the coil, the field is just like one around a bar magnet

this means that the ends of the solenoid act like the north pole and south pole of a bar magnet

this type of magnet is called an electromagnet

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14
Q

What is a solenoid?

A

an electromagnet

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15
Q

How do you make an electromagnet

A

electromagnets are magnets made by wrapping a coil of wire around an iron bare and passing an electric current through the coil

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16
Q

How do you make an electromagnet stronger?

A

wrapping the coil around an iron core

adding more turns to the coil

increasing the current flowing through the coil

increasing the voltage of the power supply

bounding the coiled wire more tightly

17
Q

Can magnetic field lines cross?

A

magnetic field lines cannot cross each other - they interact

18
Q

What does Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule tell you?

A

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule tells you the direction of the resulting force when a wire carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field

it tells you which way the force acts

19
Q

How do you use Fleming’s Left Hand Rule?

A

using your left han:

point your first finger in the direction of the field

point your second finger in the direction of the curent (current will go from north to south)

your thumb will point in the direction of the force (motion)

20
Q

How do you speed up an electric motor?

A

increasing the current

more turns on the coil

bound the coil more tightly

stronger magnetic field

adding a soft iron core in the coul

21
Q

How do loudspeakers work?

A

loudspeakers work because of the motor effect

alternating current (a.c.) signals from an amplifier are fed to a coil of a wire in the speaker, which is wrapped around the base of a cone

the coil is surrounded by a permanent magnet, so the a.c. signals cause a force on the coil and make it move back and forth

these movements make the cone vibrate and this creates sound

22
Q

What is current?

A

a flow of electrons

23
Q

What does a d.c. motor do?

A

a d.c. motor converts electrical energy into useful kinetic energy

24
Q

What does the split ring commutator do in a d.c. motor? What would happen without it?

A

changes the direction of the current every half

without it, the motir would rotate to the vertical position and then vibrate until it came to rest

25
Q

Magnetic fields flow from … to …

A

Magnetic fields flow from North to South

26
Q

At what angle does the force of the coil act in a d.c. motor?

A

the force on the coil acts at right angles to the permanent magnetic field

27
Q

Where does the coil rotate in a d.c. motor?

A

it rotates in the permanent magnetic field

28
Q

What does the battery do in a d.c. motor?

A

converts chemical energy to electrical energy

29
Q

What are the brush contacs in a d.c. motor made of? Why?

A

made of graphite (carbon) because it is a good conductor and is soft - therefore reducing friction between it and the split ring commutator

30
Q

Why does the wire on the left side of the coil in an electric motor experience an upward force whilst the wire on the right experiences a downward force?

A

the current is flowing in the opposite direction

31
Q

In an electric motor, what happens to the current when the coil is vertical? Why?

A

the current no longer flows because there is a gap between the split ring commutator and the rush contacts

at this point there is no force acting on the coil because there is no current flowing

32
Q

Why does the coil in a d.c. motor continue to rotate even when there are no forces acting on the it?

A

it has momentum

33
Q

Label this d.c. motor

A
34
Q

What is the easiest way to make an electromagnet?

A

when a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is produced around the conductor - you now have an electromagnet

Physics (24 decks)

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