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Physics > Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of frequency from highest to lowest?

A

gamma rays

x-rays

ultraviolet (UV) rays

visible light

infrared radiation

microwaves

radio waves

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2
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of wavelength from shortest to longest?

A

gamma rays

x-rays

ultraviolet (UV) rays

visible light

infrared radiation

microwaves

radio waves

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3
Q

in the electromagnetic spectrum, the higher the frequency the … the wavelength

A

in the electromagnetic spectrum, the higher the frequency the shorter​ the wavelength

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4
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum in order of energy from highest to lowest?

A

radio waves

microwaves

infrared radiation

visible light

ultraviolet (UV) rays

x-rays

gamma rays

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5
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

a continuous range of wavelengths

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6
Q

what do electromagnetic waves form?

A

a continuous spectrum

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7
Q

the types of radiation that occur in different parts of the … have different … and …, which depend on their … and …

A

the types of radiation that occur in different parts of the spectrum have different uses and dangers, which depend on their wavelength and frequency

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8
Q

what is the equation for wave speed?

A

wave speed (metre per second) = frequency (hertz) × wavelength (metre)

v = f x λ

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9
Q

rearrange the the equation for wave speed to make frequency the subject

A

frequency (hertz) = wave speed (metre per second) ÷ wavelength (metre)

f = v ÷ λ

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10
Q

rearrange the the equation for wave speed to make wavelength the subject

A

wavelength (metre) = wave speed (metre per second) ÷ frequency (hertz)

λ = v ÷ f

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11
Q

what types of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

transverse

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12
Q

what speed do electromagnetic waves travel at?

A

the speed of light (299 792 458 m/s or 300 000 000m/s)

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13
Q

what are three uses of gamma rays?

A

radiotherapy - to kill cancer cells

sterilising medical equipment by killing all the microbes - this is better than trying to boil plastic instruments, which might be damaged by high temperatures

sterilising food by kiling all the microbes - this keeps the good fresh for longer, without having to freeze it or cook it or preserve it some other way - the food is not radioactive afterwards, so it’s perfectly safe to eat

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14
Q

what are three uses of xrays?

A

to scan bones - X-rays pass easily through flesh but not through denser material like bones or metals

CAT scans

airport scans

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15
Q

what are three uses of UV rays?

A

sun beds

detecting forged bank notes in shops

fluorescent lights - they use UV radiation to emit visible light

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16
Q

what are three uses of visible light?

A

to see (sight)

used to make lasers which are used in CDs, DVDs

laser printers

17
Q

what are three uses of infra red light?

A

remote controls for television sets and DVD player

security lights

burglar alarms

18
Q

what are three uses of micro-waves?

A

microwave ovens

mobile phones

speed cameras

19
Q

what are three uses of radio waves?

A

television

aerial TV

radios

20
Q

what are the dangers of gamma rays?

A

cause cell damage, causing mutations (which may lead to cancer) and cell death

they cause mutations in growing tissues (which may lead to tissue damage) so unborn babies are especially vulnerable

21
Q

what are the dangers of x-rays?

A

can cause cell damage causing mutations (which leads to cancer) and cell death

cause severe burns, leukemia, and cataracts

can speed aging, reduce immunity to disease, and bring about disastrous changes in the reproductive cells

22
Q

what are the dangers of UV rays?

A

sunburn

can cause cell mutation or destruction

skin cancer

eye cataracts

premature ageing of the skin

23
Q

what are the dangers of visible light?

A

too much light can damage the retina in your eye - blindness

24
Q

what are the dangers of infra red?

A

causes skin burns

25
Q

what are the dangers of micro-waves

A

cause internal heating of body tissues

cataracts

26
Q

how do microwave ovens work?

A

microwaves agitate water molecules in food

as these water molecules get increasingly agitated they begin to vibrate (kinetic energy) and generate heat (thermal energy) - the food cooks

27
Q

in a microwave oven, the … the molecules vibrate, the … the food becomes

A

in a microwave oven, the faster the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food becomes

28
Q

what are the dangers of radio waves?

A

very large doses (being overexposed) are believed to cause cancer, leukaemia and other disorders

29
Q

the higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the … the energy it transfers for a given …

A

the higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater the energy it transfers for a given amplitude

30
Q

the higher the frequency of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum the … damage it is likely to cause to the body

A

the higher the frequency of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum the more damage it is likely to cause to the body

31
Q

list four similarities that all the parts of the electromagnetic spectum share

A

they can be dangerous

they are found in the sun

they are transverse waves

they can travel through a vacuum

32
Q

what two features of characteristic of one electromagnetic wave makes it different from another electromagnetic wave?

A

frequency and wavelength

33
Q

what is the potential danger of mobile phones?

A

microwave radiation is used to transmit signals in mobile phone calls

holding a mobile near you head could mean that the water surrounding your brain is being heated which is a huge danger

however, the intensity of the microwaves is too low to damage tissues by heating, and microwaves are not ionising

34
Q

Are fluroscent lights more or less energy-effient than filament light bulbs? Where are they used?

A

Fluroscent lights are more energy-efficient than filament light bulbs

they’re often used in places (like classrooms and officers) where they’ll be needed for long periods

35
Q

What are the colours of visible light in order of longest wavelength?

A
36
Q

What are the colours of visible light in order of highest freuqency to lowest frequency?

A

violet

indigo

blue

green

yellow

orange

red

37
Q

How do you remember the colours of visible light (in order of longest wavelength to shortest wavelength)

A

Richard (red)

Of (orange)

York (yellow)

Gave (green)

Battle (blue)

In (indigo)

Vain (violet)

Physics (24 decks)

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