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physical agents > electromagnetic waves > Flashcards

electromagnetic waves Flashcards

1
Q

waves of energy (electrical and magnetic) that are propagated through space at the speed of light

A

electromagnetic radiation (waves)

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2
Q

Waves are measured by quantum

A

energy, frequency and wavelength

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3
Q

decreasing wavelength =

A

increasing frequency

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4
Q

increasing wavelength =

A

decreasing frequency

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5
Q

rank the electromagnetic spectrum

A

lowest to highest
- radio waves
- microwaves
- infrared radiation
- visible light
- UV
- Xray
- Gamma rays

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6
Q

diathermy uses what type of waves

A

uses waves from either the shortwave or microwave frequency ranges

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7
Q

infrared lamps

A

heat produces from the infrared range

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8
Q

laser or led devises

A

lasers produce electromagnetic waves from the visible light frequency range

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9
Q

UV light devices

A

uses electromagnetic waves from the ultraviolet range

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10
Q

diathermy delivers

A

shortwave or microwave EM waves to heat the tissues of the body

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11
Q

true or false: short wave is more common and predictable than microwave EM energy

A

true

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12
Q

electromagnetic radiation is non ionizing meaning

A

that it does not carry enough energy in the radio frequency range to dislodge orbiting electrons

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13
Q

true or false: diathermy is able to depolarize nerve or muscle due to short pulse durations and high frequencies

A

false: unable to

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14
Q

diathermy can affect deeper tissues of the body than superficial modalities due to

A

radio frequency waves can travel through superficial tissues

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15
Q

absorption of energy by the tissues increases tissue temperature that depends on?

A

the intensity of the waves and whether the wavs are continuous or pulsed

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16
Q

diathermy indications

A
  • heating tissues/increased tissue flexibility/joint rom
    -decrease pain
    -non thermal effects: promote tissue healing bone and wound healing
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17
Q

average treatment for diathermy

A

15-20 minutes —- can be up to 3 hours

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18
Q

diathermy precautions

A
  • small pieces of metal in body
  • decreased sensation
  • impaired circulation
  • epiphyseal plates in children
  • obese patients
  • near tore medical electrical devices
  • over low back or pelvis (pregnant lady)
  • atrophic, infect or damaged skin
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19
Q

diathermy contraindications

A
  • metals on body
  • cancer
  • hemorrhage
    pacemakers/implanted stimulators
  • acute injury or inflammation
  • pregancy
  • wet clothing/dressing
  • high fluid volume
  • FACE/TMJ
  • loss of sensation
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20
Q

Capacitive meth short wave diathermy

A
  • also called electric filed method
  • placed between two capacitive electrodes
  • resistance of tissues to this electric field current flow results in tissues being heated
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21
Q

capacitive method is best for treating

A

neck, back or pelvis

22
Q

inductive short wave

A
  • also calle magnetic field method
  • creates oscillating magnetic filed
  • induces eddy currents in body that flow along pathways of higher conductivity causing heating in these tissues
23
Q

which short wave diathermy causes greater heating in skin and subcutaneous fat tissue than muscle

A

capacitive short wave

24
Q

which diathermy will more effectively heat muscle

A

inductive short wave

25
Q

examples of light therapy

A
  • uv
    -light emitting diode (LED)
  • supra luminous light emitting diode (SLED)
  • light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER)
26
Q

The most common laser application used in PT setting

A

Low power output or low level laser therapy (LLLT)

27
Q

laser physiologic effects of laser are associated with the wavelength of the reduced light due to

A

specific cellular components that absorb certain wavelengths of light energy

28
Q

results of laser effects

A
  • alteration, facilitation, or inhibition of chemical reactions that are not the effect of thermal stimulation
29
Q

water absorbs light at

A

greater than 1150 nm

30
Q

hemoglobin and melanin absorb light at

A

less than 600nm

31
Q

light therapeutic window for tissues is

A

600-1000nm

32
Q

600 to 1000nm falls in the range

A

red light to infrared light range

33
Q

longer wavelength penetrates ____ into tissues (light therapy)

A

deeper into the tissues

34
Q

blue light range and absorbed in what tissues

A

450 -490nm and absorbed in superficial tissues

35
Q

radiation with smaller wavelengths and high energy tends to

A

ionize and damage tissues

36
Q

laser effect on tissue repair

A

mitochondrial stimulation result:
- increase respiratory chain activity
- enhances ATP synthesis
- cellular repair and reproduction
- increase production of mRNA

37
Q

laster effects on inflammation

A
  • increase vasodilation via increased histamine and NO2
  • decreases tissue ischemia
  • increase perfusion
  • increase transport of nutrients
  • removal of cellular debris
38
Q

laser effects unpin

A
  • increases levels of beta endorphin
  • modulates various chemical mediators of pain
  • suppresses depolarization of C fibers
39
Q

HeNe lasers depth

A

.5cm depth

40
Q

Infrared lasers depth

A

2-4cm depth

41
Q

effectiveness of LLLT may depend on

A

specific ranges of dosages applied to injured or inflamed tissues and structures

42
Q

laster indications

A
  • pain
  • inflammation
  • chronic skin wounds
  • RA/OA
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • fibromyalgia
  • epicondylitis
43
Q

laser precautions

A
  • impaired sensation
  • indirect eye explorer
44
Q

laser contraindications

A
  • direct eye exposure
  • pregnancy
  • cancer
  • active hemorrhage
  • open growth plates
  • endocrine system
45
Q

Light emitting diodes

A

produce light that is monochromatic or polychromatic and includes visible and infrared light wavelengths
- limited coherence and directionality compared with laser

46
Q

LED indications

A

comparable to this of LLLT

47
Q

effects of LED

A

increased circulation resulting in enhanced tissue oxygenation, nutrient delivery, and removal of waste products of metabolism

48
Q

LED precautions and contraindications

A

same as for LASER , but may also cause thermal effects
- be aware of impaired sensation or mentation

49
Q

ultraviolet light

A
  • ciliates the healing of chronic skin wounds
50
Q

rational for blue light

A
  • general sanitation
  • bactericidal effect
  • fungicidal effect
51
Q

red light rationale

A
  • resolution of inflammation
  • reduction of edema
  • pain relief
  • superficial tissue repair
  • absorbed in superficial layer of tissue
52
Q

IR light rationale

A
  • tissue repair superficial or deep
  • pain relief
    -resolution of inflammation
  • reduction of edema
  • penetrates to deeper layers of tissue

physical agents (8 decks)

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