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physical agents > boys healing response > Flashcards

boys healing response Flashcards

1
Q

three types of inflammation

A
  • loss of structure (injury)
  • loss of function
  • loss of regulation
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2
Q

2 primary injury

A

macrotrauma and microtrauma

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3
Q

macrotramua

A

occurs when there is a MOI

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4
Q

microtrauma

A

chronic injuries result from overuse as repetitive dynamics of running, throwing, jumping (tendinitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis)

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5
Q

what is a secondary injury

A

an injury occurs after the primary injury (prolong swelling)
- an example would be stroke (part of the tissue is not getting oxygen)
- an ankle sprain (amount of swell that could causes an injury to the nerves)

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6
Q

phases of the healing process

A
  • inflammatory response
  • proliferative
    -maturation
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7
Q

inflammatory phase

A
  • 0 to 6 days
  • redness, swelling, tenderness, increased temperature, loss of function
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8
Q

proliferative phase ( fibroblastic repair)

A
  • 2 days to 6wks
  • diminishing pain and tenderness, gradual return to function
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9
Q

maturation remodeling phase

A
  • 8 wks to 2 years
  • strong, contracted scar develops, increasing strength and full return to function
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10
Q

signs of inflammation

A
  • pain
  • redness
  • swelling
  • increased temp
  • loss of function
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11
Q

dolor

A

pain

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12
Q

rubor

A

redness

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13
Q

tumor

A

swelling

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14
Q

calor

A

increased temperature

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15
Q

functio laesa

A

loss of function

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16
Q

vascular response (inflammatory phase)

A
  • stops bleeding and form a clot
    -1) transient vasoconstriction (5-10min)
  • 2) vasodilation (24-36hrs)
  • 3) hemostatic response/clotting
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17
Q

immune response (inflammatory phase)

A
  • fight possible infection and initiate tissue repair
  • chemical mediators
  • recruit leukocytes
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18
Q

clotting process?

A

Thromboplastin causes Prothrombin → Thrombin, which causes Fibrinogen → Fibrin (sticky clot)

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19
Q

chemical mediators (immune)

A
  • histamine
  • leukotrienes and prostaglandins
  • cytokines
20
Q

histamine

A

increase vasodilation and cell permeability

21
Q

leukotrienes and prostaglandins

A

marination (leukocytes adhere along cell walls) and diapedesis

22
Q

cytokines

A

regulate leukocyte traffic and attract leukocytes to injury site

23
Q

neutrophils

A

first to respond to bacteria or a virus

24
Q

eosinophil

A

known for their role in allergy symptoms

25
Q

basophils

A

known for their role in asthma

26
Q

lymphocytes

A

fight infections by producing antibodies

27
Q

monocytes

A

clean up dead cells

28
Q

proliferative phase (fibroblastic repair) consist of

A
  • fibroplasia
  • angiogenesis
  • ganulation tissue
29
Q

fibroplasia

A

fibroblasts produce collagen fibers for scar formation

30
Q

angiogenesis

A

new capillaries are formed in fibrin clot/scar

31
Q

granulation tissue

A

fibrin clot is replaced

32
Q

roles of fibroplasia

A
  • increased fibroplastic activity, laying down lots of collagen in very random fashion
  • starts day 6-7 after an injury up to 4-6 weeks
  • many inflammatory signs/symptoms subside
33
Q

roles of angiogenesis

A

-artery, capillary sprouting, will migrate towards tissue that is hypoxic
- forms a capillary network (new blood flow)

34
Q

roles of granulation tissue

A
  • fibrin clot is replaced with granulation tissue
  • fibroblasts, colagen, and capillaries
  • extracellular matrix
  • ground substance
35
Q

importance of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries

A

make the wound bed more strong

36
Q

what is the importance of tensile strength during proliferation phase of the granulation tissue?

A

tensile strength of the wound increases and signals for the number of fibroblasts to decrease/reduce fibroblastic activity and move to maturation phase

37
Q

issue with signaling end of proliferative phase

A
  • keloid scarring
    -fibrosis
38
Q

keloid scarring

A

persistent inflammatory response and continued release of inflammatory products extend fibroplasia and excessive fibrogenesis. this leads to irreversible tissue damage, resulting in necrosis and fibrosis prolonging the healing process

39
Q

fibrosis

A

occurs in synovial structures (adhesive capsulitis) and in extra-articular tissues like tendon, ligament, bursae, muscle

40
Q

keloids scarring and fibrosis symptoms

A
  • decrease range of motion
  • decreased in coordination
  • decreased in strength
  • decreased balance
  • pain not so much
41
Q

roles of maturation phase

A
  • realignment or remodeling of collagen fibers that make up scar tissue, based on tensile stresses
  • going breakdown and synthesis of collagen
  • based upon stresses induced
  • lasts up to 2 years
42
Q

factors affecting healing

A
  • extent/severity of injury
    -poor vascular supply
    -atrophy
  • infection
    -health, age, and nutrition
43
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A
  • Hans selye
  • how the body responds to stress physiologically
  • stress can make or break a biological tissue or system
44
Q

wolff’s law

A

bones in a healthy person will adapt to loads under which it is placed

45
Q

davis’s law

A

soft tissue will heal according to the manner in which they are mechanically stressed

physical agents (8 decks)

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