boys healing response

Question 1

three types of inflammation

Answer 1

• loss of structure (injury)
• loss of function
• loss of regulation

Question 2

2 primary injury

Answer 2

macrotrauma and microtrauma

Question 3

macrotramua

Answer 3

occurs when there is a MOI

Question 4

microtrauma

Answer 4

chronic injuries result from overuse as repetitive dynamics of running, throwing, jumping (tendinitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis)

Question 5

what is a secondary injury

Answer 5

an injury occurs after the primary injury (prolong swelling)
- an example would be stroke (part of the tissue is not getting oxygen)
- an ankle sprain (amount of swell that could causes an injury to the nerves)

Question 6

phases of the healing process

Answer 6

• inflammatory response
• proliferative
  -maturation

Question 7

inflammatory phase

Answer 7

• 0 to 6 days
• redness, swelling, tenderness, increased temperature, loss of function

Question 8

proliferative phase ( fibroblastic repair)

Answer 8

• 2 days to 6wks
• diminishing pain and tenderness, gradual return to function

Question 9

maturation remodeling phase

Answer 9

• 8 wks to 2 years
• strong, contracted scar develops, increasing strength and full return to function

Question 10

signs of inflammation

Answer 10

• pain
• redness
• swelling
• increased temp
• loss of function

Question 11

dolor

Answer 11

pain

Question 12

rubor

Answer 12

redness

Question 13

tumor

Answer 13

swelling

Question 14

calor

Answer 14

increased temperature

Question 15

functio laesa

Answer 15

loss of function

Question 16

vascular response (inflammatory phase)

Answer 16

• stops bleeding and form a clot
  -1) transient vasoconstriction (5-10min)
• 2) vasodilation (24-36hrs)
• 3) hemostatic response/clotting

Question 17

immune response (inflammatory phase)

Answer 17

• fight possible infection and initiate tissue repair
• chemical mediators
• recruit leukocytes

Question 18

clotting process?

Answer 18

Thromboplastin causes Prothrombin → Thrombin, which causes Fibrinogen → Fibrin (sticky clot)

Question 19

chemical mediators (immune)

Answer 19

• histamine
• leukotrienes and prostaglandins
• cytokines

Question 20

histamine

Answer 20

increase vasodilation and cell permeability

Question 21

leukotrienes and prostaglandins

Answer 21

marination (leukocytes adhere along cell walls) and diapedesis

Question 22

cytokines

Answer 22

regulate leukocyte traffic and attract leukocytes to injury site

Question 23

neutrophils

Answer 23

first to respond to bacteria or a virus

Question 24

eosinophil

Answer 24

known for their role in allergy symptoms

Question 25

basophils

Answer 25

known for their role in asthma

Question 26

lymphocytes

Answer 26

fight infections by producing antibodies

Question 27

monocytes

Answer 27

clean up dead cells

Question 28

proliferative phase (fibroblastic repair) consist of

Answer 28

- fibroplasia - angiogenesis - ganulation tissue

Question 29

fibroplasia

Answer 29

fibroblasts produce collagen fibers for scar formation

Question 30

angiogenesis

Answer 30

new capillaries are formed in fibrin clot/scar

Question 31

granulation tissue

Answer 31

fibrin clot is replaced

Question 32

roles of fibroplasia

Answer 32

- increased fibroplastic activity, laying down lots of collagen in very random fashion - starts day 6-7 after an injury up to 4-6 weeks - many inflammatory signs/symptoms subside

Question 33

roles of angiogenesis

Answer 33

-artery, capillary sprouting, will migrate towards tissue that is hypoxic - forms a capillary network (new blood flow)

Question 34

roles of granulation tissue

Answer 34

- fibrin clot is replaced with granulation tissue - fibroblasts, colagen, and capillaries - extracellular matrix - ground substance

Question 35

importance of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries

Answer 35

make the wound bed more strong

Question 36

what is the importance of tensile strength during proliferation phase of the granulation tissue?

Answer 36

tensile strength of the wound increases and signals for the number of fibroblasts to decrease/reduce fibroblastic activity and move to maturation phase

Question 37

issue with signaling end of proliferative phase

Answer 37

- keloid scarring -fibrosis

Question 38

keloid scarring

Answer 38

persistent inflammatory response and continued release of inflammatory products extend fibroplasia and excessive fibrogenesis. this leads to irreversible tissue damage, resulting in necrosis and fibrosis prolonging the healing process

Question 39

fibrosis

Answer 39

occurs in synovial structures (adhesive capsulitis) and in extra-articular tissues like tendon, ligament, bursae, muscle

Question 40

keloids scarring and fibrosis symptoms

Answer 40

- decrease range of motion - decreased in coordination - decreased in strength - decreased balance - pain not so much

Question 41

roles of maturation phase

Answer 41

- realignment or remodeling of collagen fibers that make up scar tissue, based on tensile stresses - going breakdown and synthesis of collagen - based upon stresses induced - lasts up to 2 years

Question 42

factors affecting healing

Answer 42

- extent/severity of injury -poor vascular supply -atrophy - infection -health, age, and nutrition

Question 43

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 43

- Hans selye - how the body responds to stress physiologically - stress can make or break a biological tissue or system

Question 44

wolff's law

Answer 44

bones in a healthy person will adapt to loads under which it is placed

Question 45

davis's law

Answer 45

soft tissue will heal according to the manner in which they are mechanically stressed