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physical agents > electrical stimulation intro and physics > Flashcards

electrical stimulation intro and physics Flashcards

1
Q

clinical application of E stim

A
  • activate skeletal muscle
  • pain modulation
  • improve blood flow
  • prevent or reduce edema
  • facilitate tissue healing
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2
Q

ampere

A
  • rate of electrical current flow
  • 1 amp = 1 coulomb
  • most modalities are measured in milliamperes (mA)
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3
Q

the force driving electrons resulting form a different in electron population (PE)

A

voltage

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4
Q

measure of lyrical energy or power

A

watt

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5
Q

higher potential flows of electrons to

A

lower potential

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6
Q

potential difference is

A

higher potential - lower potential

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7
Q

the opposition to electron flow in a conducting material

A

resistance (electrical impedance)
- measured in Ohm

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8
Q

a material that permits free movement of electrons (provides little resistance to current)

A

conductor

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9
Q

a material that resist current flow, or contain relatively fewer free electrons (plastic)

A

insulator

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10
Q

more electrons move in the reaction of

A

least resistance

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11
Q

currents and waveforms are modifications of two fundamental electrical currents

A
  • direct current
  • alternating current
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12
Q

most common form of current used in electrotherapy is

A

pulsed current or pulsatile current

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13
Q

the shape, magnitude and duration of the current

A

current waveform

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14
Q

x axis

A

time or duration characteristic of current
- isometric line

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15
Q

y axis

A

magnitude or intensity

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16
Q

above and below isometric line

A

above = positive
below = negative

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17
Q

Direct current (DC)

A
  • continuous unidirectional and uninterrupted flow of electrons for at least 1 sec
  • square wave form that was unidirectional for > 1 second
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18
Q

cathode

A

negatively charged electrode

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19
Q

anode

A

positively charged electrode

20
Q

forms of direct current

A
  • direct current
  • interrupted DC
  • Reversed DC
  • interrupted reversed DC
21
Q

units of measurements

A

intensity (mA) and time (min) = dosage for iontophoresis

22
Q

alternating current

A
  • uninterrupted bidirectional flow of ions or electrons must change direction at least one timer per second
    -sinosoidal wave pattern
23
Q

burst modulated AC =

A

Russian

24
Q

amplitude modulated AC =

A

interferential current

25
Q

Current frequency:
Current Amp:

A
  • hertz
  • milliamp
26
Q

pulsed current

A

unidirectional or bidirectional current that periodically ceases for a period of time

27
Q

pulse

A

an isolated electrical event separated from the next by a period of time termed (interpose interval)

28
Q

types and shapes of pulled current

A
  • monophonic
    biphasic
29
Q

direction of current flow for a short period of time

A

phase

30
Q

duty cycle

A

on time - ex 10 sec on 50 sec off, continuous

31
Q

amplitude

A

amount of current (think more voltage)

32
Q

ramp time

A

build up or down time to full amplitude
- > ramp time increases comfort for the patient
- can affect total amount of current delivered to patient

33
Q

units

A
  • pulse dduration/width: microseconds
  • pulse rate/freq: pulses per second (PPS)
  • amplitude: milliamp (mA)
34
Q

charge delivered within one phase of a pulse

A

phase charge

35
Q

cumulative charge of all phases within a single pulse

A

pulse charge

36
Q

net charge within the tissues =

A

cumulative charge left in patient’s body

37
Q

if we have either a positive or negative build up of charge, this could be….

A

potentially damaging to the patient tissues

38
Q

build up of charge would occur with

A
  • DC
  • Monophonic pulsed current
  • symmetrical vs asymmetrical unbalance biphasic current
39
Q

magnitude of the elctrophysological response or electrotherapeutic effect is largely influenced by

A

the Toal amount of current delivered

40
Q

strength duration curve

A

inverse relationship between current strength (mA) and current duration in stimulation muscles and nerve

41
Q

minimum current amplitude with a long pulse duration to create an action potential

A

rheobase

42
Q

minimum time or duration it takes to stimulate the tissues at twice the rheobase

A

chronaxie

43
Q

neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

A
  • activation skeletal muscle for neuromuscular reeducation or strengthening
  • Russian with a post op ACL patient for quad strengthening
44
Q

functional electrical stimulation (FES)

A
  • activation of skeletal muscle for re-education or movement training for functional use
  • stimulation of the anterior tibia’s or fibula’s muscle group for a patient who has drop foot as a result of a stroke
45
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

ES for modulation of pain

46
Q

clinical application of ES

A
  • activate skeletal muscle (neuromuscular reeducation or strengthening)
  • alleviate pain
  • improve blood flow
  • prevent or reduce edema
  • facilitate tissue healing (wound healing)

physical agents (8 decks)

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